硫代硫酸盐浸金各因素影响研究现状

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2018.01.105

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

硫代硫酸盐浸金技术是非氰浸金技术研发的重点，特别是铜—氨—硫代硫酸盐体系因浸出速率快、环保、碱性腐蚀性小和适应含砷含碳难处理矿石等优势而受到了持续关注。探明不同种类硫代硫酸盐的作用、常见载金矿物的吸附、矿物的催化分解作用、矿物的离子释放影响、重金属离子的溶解及不同阴离子对反应历程、浸出过程和浸金效果的影响，能更好地为硫代硫酸盐浸金的应用发展指明方向。研究表明，硫代硫酸盐浸出过程中，硫代硫酸盐会因阳离子不同而适用于不同类型的矿物，而不同的载金矿物也会因自身的特性而呈现出不同的吸附、溶解和催化分解能力。同时，浸出体系中矿物溶解释放的阳离子浓度和形式的不同会对体系产生有利或不利的影响。由于药剂的添加和硫代硫酸根的分解等因素引入的阴离子会对体系产生完全不同的作用。为了消除干扰因素对浸出体系造成的影响，可以通过添加磷酸盐、EDTA和CMC等添加剂改善浸出过程和效果。

关键词: 硫代硫酸盐浸金, 非氰, 矿物干扰, 金属阳离子影响, 阴离子影响, 硫代硫酸根的分解, 添加剂的作用

Abstract:

Thiosulfate leaching technology has become the focus of research and development of non-cyanide gold leaching technology.Especially，the copper-ammonia-thiosulfate system has been studied in-depth and long-term，because of the advantages of leaching fast，environmental friendly，less corrosive alkaline and suitable treatment of refractory ore with arsenic or carbon.There are many factors could impact on the leaching process and leaching results greatly.Such as，the type of thiosulfate，the capacity of common mineral adsorption，catalytic and decomposition，ion release in minerals，the dissolution of heavy metal ions，anion participation in the reaction process，leaching process and gold leaching effect.The impact of the various factors on the leaching process were summarized in this paper，which could be conducive to the development and improvement of thiosulfate leaching of gold.In leaching process，the type of thiosulfate salts was determined to treat different types of minerals，and different gold bearing minerals show different abilities of adsorption，dissolution and catalytic decomposition.At the same time，the effect of heavy metallic ions released by minerals on gold dissolution strongly depended on the type of ion and concentrations.Anions from reagents，the decomposition of thiosulfate and other aspects，show completely different effects on the leaching system.By adding phosphates，EDTA，CMC and other additives can improve the leaching environment and eliminate adverse effects.

Key words: thiosulfate leaching of gold, non-cyanide, mineral interference, metal cations effects, anionic effects, thiosulfate decomposition, the role of additives

中图分类号:

TF831

赵鹤飞，杨洪英*，张勤，佟琳琳，金哲男，陈国宝. 硫代硫酸盐浸金各因素影响研究现状[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2018, 26(1): 105-114.

ZHAO Hefei，YANG Hongying，ZHANG Qin，TONG Linlin，JIN Zhenan，CHEN Guobao. Research Status of Factors Influence on Leaching of Gold with Thiosulfate[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2018, 26(1): 105-114.

参考文献

[ 1 ] Aylmore M G，Muir D M. Thiosulfate leaching of gold—A review［J］.Minerals Engineering，2001，14（2）：135-174.
[ 2 ] Grosse A C，Dicinoski G W，Shaw M J，et al.Leaching and recovery of gold using ammoniacal thiosulfate leach liquors （a review）［J］.Hydrometallurgy，2003，69（1/2/3）：1-21.
[ 3 ] Graham J S，Woodcock J T. Cyanide and other lixiviant leaching systems for gold with some practical applications［J］.Mineral Processing and Extractive M etal lurgy Review，1995，14（3/4）：193-247.
[ 4 ] 张箭，丁峰，袁志昌，等. 用石硫合剂提取金、银的方法： CN1067271［P］.1992-12-23.Zhang Jian，Ding Feng，Yuan Zhichang，et al. The method of extracting gold and silver from stone sulfur mixture：CN1067271［P］.1992-12-23.
[ 5 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. Preg-robbing phenomena in the thiosulphate leaching of gold ores［J］.Minerals Engineering，2001，14（11）：1387-1402.
[ 6 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. Leaching behaviour of sulphides in ammoniacal thiosulphate systems［J］.Hydrom etal lurgy，2002，63（2）：189-200.
[ 7 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. The role of heavy m etal ions in gold dissolution in the ammoniacal thiosulphate system［J］.Hydrometallurgy，2002，64（3）：231-246.
[ 8 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V.The role of oxygen in thiosulphate leaching of gold［J］.Hydrometallurgy，2007，85（2/3/4）：193-202.
[ 9 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. Thiosulphate leaching of gold in the presence of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid（EDTA）［J］.Minerals Engineering，2010，23（2）：143-150.
[ 10 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. Thiosulphate leaching of gold in the presence of carboxy methyl cellulose（CMC）［J］.Minerals Engineering，2011，24（2）：115-121.
[ 11 ] Jeffrey M I. Kinetic aspects of gold and silver leaching in ammonia–thiosulfate solutions［J］.Hydrom etal lurgy，2001，60（1）：7-16.
[ 12 ] M·G·艾尔莫尔，黎林，李长根. 金的硫代硫酸盐浸出法评述［J］.国外金属矿选矿，2001（5）：2-19.Almore M G，Li Lin，Li Changgen. Review of gold thiosulfate leaching method［J］.M etal lic Ore Dressing Abroad，2001（5）：2-19.
[ 13 ] Zelinsky A G. Anode current on gold in mixed thiosulfate-sulfite electrolytes［J］.Electrochimica Acta，2015，154：315-320.
[ 14 ] Breuer P L，Jeffrey M I. Thiosulfate leaching kinetics of gold in the presence of copper and ammonia［J］.Minerals Engineering，2000，13（10/11）：1071-1081.
[ 15 ] Zelinsky A G. RDE study of thiosulfate oxidation on gold［J］.Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry，2014，735：111-114.
[ 16 ] Kerley B J.Recovery of precious metals from difficult ores：US 4369061 A［P］.1983.
[ 17 ] Wan R Y. Importance of solution chemistry for thiosulphate leaching of gold［C］//World Gold’97.Carlton：The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy， 1997：159-162.
[ 18 ] Oraby E A，Jeffrey M I. An electrochemical study of the dissolution of pure gold and gold-silver alloys in thiosulfate leach solutions［J］.Ecs Transactions，2010，28（6）：237-248.
[ 19 ] Aylmore M G，Muir D M，Staunton W P. Effect of minerals on the stability of gold in copper ammoniacal thiosulfate solutions — The role of copper，silver and polythionates［J］.Hydrom etal lurgy，2014，143（3）：12-22.
[ 20 ] Jeffrey M I，Watling K，Hope G A，et al. Identification of surface species that inhibit and passivate thiosulfate leaching of gold［J］.Minerals Engineering，2008，21（6）：443-452.
[ 21 ] Senanayake G. Kinetic model for anodic oxidation of gold in thiosulfate media based on the adsorption of MS2O3［J］.Hydrom etal lurgy，2005，76（3/4）：233-238.
[ 22 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. Effect of thiosulphate salts on ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching of gold［J］.Hydrom etal lurgy，2010，105（1/2）：120-126.
[ 23 ] Gallagher N P，Hendrix J L，Milosavljevic E B，et al. Affinity of activated carbon towards some gold（I）complexes［J］.Hydrometallurgy，1990，25（3）：305-316.
[ 24 ] Kang D，Meng X，Han K N. Adsorption behavior of gold in ammoniacal solutions on activated carbon［J］.Minerals and M etal lurgical Processing，1996，15（4）：53-59.
[ 25 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. Ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching of gold in the presence of pyrite［J］.Hydrom etal lurgy，2006，82（3/4）：126-132.
[ 26 ] Yang Y B，Zhang X，Bin X U，et al. Effect of arsenopyrite on thiosulfate leaching of gold［J］.Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China，2015，25（10）：3454-3460.
[ 27 ] Molleman E，Dreisinger D.The treatment of copper–gold ores by ammonium thiosulfate leaching［J］.Hydrometallurgy，2002，66（1/2/3）：1-21.
[ 28 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. Effect of sulfides on gold dissolution in ammoniacal thiosulfate medium［J］.M etal lurgical and Materials Transactions B，2003，34（1）：5-13.
[ 29 ] Baba A A，Ghosh M K，Pradhan S R，et al. Characterization and kinetic study on ammonia leaching of complex copper ore［J］.Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China，2014，24（5）：1587-1595.
[ 30 ] Xu Y，Schoonen M A A. The stability of thiosulfate in the presence of pyrite in low-temperature aqueous solutions［J］.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta，1995，59（22）：4605-4622.
[ 31 ] Benedetti M，Boulëgue J. Mechanism of gold transfer and deposition in a supergene environment［J］.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta，1991，55（6）：1539-1547.
[ 32 ] Feng D，Van Deventer J S J.Thiosulphate decomposition in the presence of sulphides［C］//Treatment of Gold Ores.Proceeding 44th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM Calgary，Alberta，Canada.Montreal:Canadian Institute of Mining，2005：129-143.
[ 33 ] Olteanu A F，Dobre T，Panturu E，et al. Experimental process analysis and mathematical modeling for selective gold leaching from slag through wet chlorination［J］.Hydrometallurgy，2014，144-145（4）：170-185.
[ 34 ] Xu B，Yang Y B，Li Q，et al. The development of an environmentally friendly leaching process of a high C，As and Sb bearing sulfide gold concentrate［J］.Minerals Engineering，2016，89：138-147.
[ 35 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. Oxidative pre-treatment in thiosulphate leaching of sulphide gold ores［J］.International Journal of Mineral Processing，2010，94（1/2）：28-34.
[ 36 ] Lampinen M，Laari A，Turunen I. Ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching of pressure oxidized sulfide gold concentrate with low reagent consumption［J］.Hydrom etal lurgy，2015，151：1-9.
[ 37 ] Ficeriová J，Balá? P，Boldi?árová E，et al. Thiosulfate leaching of gold from a mechanically activated Cu Pb Zn concentrate［J］.Hydrometallurgy，2002，67（1）：37-43.
[ 38 ] Ficeriová J，Balá? P，Villachica C L. Thiosulfate leaching of silver，gold and bismuth from a complex sulfide concentrates［J］.Hydrom etal lurgy，2005，77（1/2）：35-39.
[ 39 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. Interactions between sulphides and manganese dioxide in thiosulphate leaching of gold ores［J］.Minerals Engineering，2007，20（6）：533-540.
[ 40 ] Nie Y H，Chi H，Zi F T，et al. The effect of cobalt and nickel ions on gold dissolution in a thiosulfate-ethylenediamine （en）-Cu2+ system［J］.Minerals Engineering，2015，83（24）：205-210.
[ 41 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. The effect of iron contaminants on thiosulphate leaching of gold［J］.Minerals Engineering，2010，23（5）：399-406.
[ 42 ] Gudkov A S，Zhuchkov I A，Mineev G G. Mechanism and kinetics of sulfite-thiosulfate dissolution of gold［J］.Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous M etal s，2010，51（5）：393-397.
[ 43 ] Chen X Y，Lan X Z，Zhang Q L，et al.Behavior of S 2O3 2- And SO3 2- in sulfur-bearing aqueous solution system for gold leaching［J］.Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China，2010，20（Supp.1）：46-49.
[ 44 ] Chu C K，Breuer P L，Jeffrey M I. The impact of thiosulfate oxidation products on the oxidation of gold in ammonia thiosulfate solutions［J］.Minerals Engineering，2003，16（3）：265-271.
[ 45 ] Senanayake G. Gold leaching by copper（Ⅱ）in ammoniacal thiosulphate solutions in the presence of additives.Part Ⅰ：A review of the effect of hard–soft and Lewis acid-base properties and interactions of ions［J］.Hydrom etal lurgy，2012，115-116：1-20.
[ 46 ] Breuer P L，Jeffrey M I.The reduction of copper（Ⅱ）and the oxidation of thiosulfate and oxysulfur anions in gold leaching solutions［J］.Hydrometallurgy，2003，70（1/2/3）：163-173.
[ 47 ] Mirza J，Smith S R，Baron J Y，et al. A SERS characterization of the stability of polythionates at the gold-electrolyte interface［J］.Surface Science，2015，631：196-206.
[ 48 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. The effect of sulphur species on thiosulphate leaching of gold［J］.Minerals Engineering，2007，20（3）：273-281.
[ 49 ] 李汝雄，邝生鲁. 硫代硫酸盐法添加氯化钠和十二烷基磺酸钠浸取金矿［J］.化工冶金，1998，19（1）：77-82.Li Ruxiong，Kuang Shenglu. Leaching gold with thiosulphate solution containing added sodium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulphonate［J］.Engineering Chemistry and M etal lurgy，1998，19（1）：77-82.
[ 50 ] Senanayake G，Zhang X M.Gold leaching by copper（II）in ammoniacal thiosulphate solutions in the presence of additives.Part II：Effect of residual Cu（II），pH and redox potentials on reactivity of colloidal gold［J］.Hydrometallurgy，2012，115-116：21-29.
[ 51 ] Feng D，Deventer J S J V. Thiosulphate leaching of gold in the presence of orthophosphate and polyphosphate［J］.Hydrom etal lurgy，2011，106（1/2）：38-45.
[ 52 ] Jeffrey M I，Breuer P L，Chu C K.The importance of controlling oxygen addition during the thiosulfate leaching of gold ores［J］.International Journal of Mineral Processing，2003，72（1/2/3/4）：323-330.
[ 53 ] Alonso-Gómez A R，Lapidus G T. Inhibition of lead solubilization during the leaching of gold and silver in ammoniacal thiosulfate solutions（effect of phosphate addition）［J］.Hydrom etal lurgy，2009，99（1/2）：89-96.
[ 54 ] Aazami M，Lapidus G T，Azadeh A. The effect of solution parameters on the thiosulfate leaching of Zarshouran refractory gold ore［J］.International Journal of Mineral Processing，2014，131：43-50.
[ 55 ] Smith R M，Martell A E，Motekaitis R J. Critically selected constants of m etal complexes database，Version 5.0 software［DB］.Gaithersburg：National Institute of Standards and Technology，1998.
[ 56 ] Xu B，Yang Y B，Jiang T，et al. Improved thiosulfate leaching of a refractory gold concentrate calcine with additives［J］.Hydrometallurgy，2015，152：214-222.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

[1]	肖力,王永良,钱鹏,丁剑,叶树峰. 非氰提金技术研究进展[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(2): 292-301.
[2]	李和付,孙皞,叶国华,阙潇丰,王亚伟,陈阳,陈斌. 环保药剂“金蝉”取代氰化钠处理夏家店金矿的研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2018, 26(5): 682-688.
[3]	唐立靖，唐云*，王燕南，杨典奇. 微细浸染型金矿碱预处理—非氰化浸出研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2015, 23(5): 94-98.
[4]	唐立靖，唐云，许正波. 难选金矿微波预处理边磨边浸非氰化试验研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2015, 23(1): 85-89.
[5]	李超，李宏煦，杨勰，王帅. 某难浸金矿的次氯酸盐法直接浸金试验研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2014, 22(4): 108-112.
[6]	钟俊. 非氰浸金技术的研究及应用现状[J]. J4, 2011, 19(6): 57-61.
[7]	方兆珩. 碳质金矿的矿物特征和提金工艺[J]. J4, 2003, 11(6): 28-35.
[8]	方兆珩,韩宝玲,石伟. 硫—石灰溶液中氧压浸出金精矿[J]. J4, 2002, 10(3): 38-43.