黄金科学技术 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (5): 659-677.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.05.659
郭剑衡1,2(),冷成彪1,3(
),张兴春1,张伟1,尹崇军4,张陆佳4,田振东1,2
Jianheng GUO1,2(),Chengbiao LENG1,3(
),Xingchun ZHANG1,Wei ZHANG1,Chongjun YIN4,Lujia ZHANG4,Zhendong TIAN1,2
摘要:
烂泥塘斑岩铜金矿床位于云南省西北部的中甸地区,矿体主要以细脉—浸染状、网脉状产于石英二长斑岩和石英闪长玢岩之中。矿区热液蚀变作用发育,围绕矿体由深部至浅部依次发育钾化带、绿泥石—绢云母化带、绢云母化带和泥化带。钾化带中发育3种不同产状的磁铁矿,根据磁铁矿产出状态与脉体之间的相互穿插关系,将其划分为浸染状分布的磁铁矿(Ⅰ类)、单一脉状磁铁矿(Ⅱ类)和石英—硫化物脉中的磁铁矿(Ⅲ类)。此外,矿区常见产于成矿期后白云石—石英大脉中的镜铁矿。采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)对上述铁氧化物进行了原位微区成分测试。结果表明:3类磁铁矿均富集Ti、V、Cr、Ni、Co、Al、Mg、Mn、Ga和Zn等微量元素。早期Ⅰ类磁铁矿含有钛铁矿出溶体,与Ⅱ、Ⅲ类磁铁矿相比,相对富集Mg、Ni和V等元素,属于岩浆磁铁矿;Ⅱ类磁铁矿相对富集Mn、Zn、Sn和Sc等元素,属于热液磁铁矿。岩浆磁铁矿(Ⅰ类磁铁矿)与后期脉状磁铁矿(Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类)相比,Ti、Al和Cr等元素含量相差不大。这可能是由于后期热液蚀变对Ⅰ类磁铁矿的强烈改造,导致其中Ti、Al和Cr等元素含量降低(通常岩浆磁铁矿比热液磁铁矿更富集Ti、Al和Cr)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ类脉状磁铁矿属于热液磁铁矿且二者微量元素含量差别不大,说明它们属于同一期流体中沉淀的产物。与磁铁矿相比,镜铁矿中的Ti、Al和V元素含量相差不大,而Cr、Ga、Ni和Co等元素含量比磁铁矿低一个数量级。结合前人资料,认为Al、Mn、Mg和Sc元素在磁铁矿中主要以类质同象形式存在,而Ca、S、Cu、Ba、Sr和Zr等元素主要以显微包裹体形式存在。钾化带中广泛发育的磁铁矿—赤铁矿共生组合、镜铁矿以及磁铁矿中异常低的Mn含量表明,烂泥塘矿区成矿流体的氧逸度高达赤铁矿—磁铁矿缓冲线。
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