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黄金科学技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 112-123.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.01.074

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国大变形锚杆研究现状及发展趋势

王贺1,2(),陈何1,2,曹辉1,2   

  1. 1.北京矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京 102628
    2.国家金属矿绿色开采国际联合研究中心,北京 102628
  • 收稿日期:2019-06-27 修回日期:2019-10-09 出版日期:2020-02-29 发布日期:2020-02-26
  • 作者简介:王贺(1988-),男,吉林四平人,工程师,从事矿山岩石力学研究与设计工作。wanghe@bgrimm.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“深部大矿段采动环境监测及地压动态调控技术”(2017YFC0602904)

Research Status and Trends of Large Deformation Rock Bolts in China

He WANG1,2(),He CHEN1,2,Hui CAO1,2   

  1. 1.Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Technology Group,Beijing 102628,China
    2.National Centre for International Research on Green Metal Mining,Beijing 102628,China
  • Received:2019-06-27 Revised:2019-10-09 Online:2020-02-29 Published:2020-02-26

摘要:

系统地介绍了我国大变形锚杆的研发现状。通过总结分析现有锚杆设计方案,提出了基于作用机理的大变形锚杆类型划分建议;选取5种典型的设计方案解析了各类型大变形锚杆的优缺点;在此基础上,进一步总结了现有技术方案存在的主要问题,据此对大变形锚杆未来发展趋势提出了几点认识。研究认为:我国大变形锚杆可划分为结构型、材料本质型和其他类型三大类;结构型大变形锚杆包含摩擦型、剪切型和活塞型3个亚类;为进一步促进大变形锚杆的发展,针对结构型锚杆应进一步优化结构、优选锚杆材料、优化制造工艺并保证产品质量稳定性;加大新型杆体材料的开发与应用研究力度;发展具有监测功能的大变形锚杆,将监测技术与大变形锚杆设计相融合,拓展大变形锚杆的应用前景。

关键词: 软岩支护, 深井开采, 大变形锚杆, 新型材料, 监测, 技术现状

Abstract:

The large deformation rock bolt overcomes the small deformation failure behavior of the traditional bolt,and can effectively solve the support and disaster prevention problems of the weak surrounding rock,the deep buried rheological rock and the rockburst area.It is a hot research topic in deep engineering technology. In order to summarize the research and development status of large deformation rock bolts in China,discuss the bottleneck problems faced by current research and development,grasp the possible trends of future development,and summarize the development process of large deformation rock bolts at China and abroad,the existing 50 typical designs in China were summarized and analyzed.The scheme proposed a type division suggestion based on the action mechanism; five typical schemes of different types were selected to further analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each type of large deformation rock bolts; on this basis,the main problems of the prior art scheme were discussed.Based on this,some understandings on future research and development trends were proposed.The research indicates that the large deformation bolts in China can be divided into 3 types,these are structural type,material intrinsic type and other type.Among them,the main feature of the structural type is that it contains a certain structure,which provides support resistance through sliding of the structure and coordinated deformation of the rock mass.The amount of deformation of the structure is the amount of stretching of the rock bolts. Such rock bolts can be subdivided into three sub-classes of friction type,shear type and piston type; the material type is to optimize the deformation characteristics of the material of the bolt by using the preferred anchor material or designing a certain structure.The yield strength and yield deformation are the support and ultimate deformation of the bolt; the structural type is the main solution in China,further optimizing the structure,optimizing the bolt material,improving the manufacturing process,and ensuring the product quality stability.For the research of material intrinsic bolt, it is important to focus on the development and application of new rod materials, such as negative Poisson’s ratio materials, which is also one of the most potential directions for the development of large-deformation anchors. The combination of deformation bolt technology and the development of large deformation anchors with monitoring function are conducive to the continuous monitoring of disturbance stress and convergence deformation of surrounding rock in the whole life cycle of underground engineering. It is one of the research directions worthy of attention in the future.

Key words: soft rock support, deep mining, large deformation rock bolts, new materials, monitoring, technical status

中图分类号: 

  • TD35

表1

我国大变形锚杆设计方案"

序号文献名称文献类型涉及大变形锚杆作用原理大变形锚杆类型发表时间
1一种自适应摩擦式锚杆[13]发明专利通过恒阻体上齿条与筒壁摩擦摩擦型2018
2一种让压玻璃钢锚杆[14]发明专利端头加滚珠实现摩擦2018
3一种新型的抗剪切大变形锚杆[15]发明专利滚动摩擦2018
4一种可延长锚杆[16]发明专利锚杆与橡胶块间的摩擦2018
5丝杠式恒阻锚杆[17]发明专利锁具旋转的摩擦力2017
6双级恒阻大变形锚固件[18]发明专利杆体与套筒摩擦摩擦型2017
7一种挤压摩擦式恒阻让压大变形锚杆[19]发明专利活塞与套筒挤压摩擦2017
8一种大尺度让压锚杆特性分析及其应用研究[20]期刊论文挤压套管压缩空心杆体,滑移摩擦力2017
9让压锚杆在大变形隧道支护应用中试验研究[21]期刊论文让压装置挤压套管,产生摩擦作用2016
10一种挤压、摩擦式吸能锚杆[22]发明专利楔形台柱摩擦吸能衬里管2015
11一种大变形恒阻周期性让压锚杆[23]发明专利杆体与套筒间摩擦2015
12新型让压锚杆作用机理研究[24]期刊论文滑块挤压套管间的摩擦力2015
13一种摩擦式恒阻大变形锚杆[25]实用新型摩擦阻挡块与螺纹间的摩擦力2014
14一种新型高强恒阻大变形锚杆[26]实用新型拔丝馍压缩大径段摩擦2012
15一种锥阻式摩擦套筒大变形锚杆[27]发明专利锥齿摩擦体与套筒摩擦槽间的摩擦力2012
16抗大变形增阻锚杆的数值模拟研究[28]期刊论文杆体与套筒摩擦力2012
17一种摩擦套筒式大变形锚杆[29]发明专利柱形摩擦体与摩擦齿间摩擦力2011
18恒阻大变形锚杆[30]发明专利杆体与恒阻装置间摩擦力2010
19一种适用于大变形支护的新型可伸长锚杆[31]期刊论文滑块在管体内滑动的摩擦力2007
20管缝式可拉伸锚杆[32]实用新型杆体与摩擦套管间摩擦1990
21可拉伸锚杆[33]实用新型杆体与套筒间摩擦1990
22管式摩擦可拉伸锚杆[34]实用新型杆体与摩擦套管间摩擦1988
23挤压式可拉伸锚杆[35]实用新型压缩筒与套筒间摩擦1987
24一种自适应压剪式锚杆[36]发明专利剪切压剪槽提供抗力剪切型2018
25一种自适应释能锚杆[37]发明专利先压缩后剪切铸铁环片提供抗力2018
26一种超高强抗腐蚀分级让压锚杆[38]实用新型套管切割让压管2018
27拉削式抗岩爆锚杆[39]发明专利刀具切削套管2015
28一种恒阻大变形锚杆/锚索[40]实用新型刀具切削大径锚杆段2014
29一种拉压耦合变形锚杆[41]实用新型弹簧+摩擦式活塞活塞型2018
30一种防拉断大变形锚杆[42]实用新型弹簧式活塞2018
31一种可适应围岩变形的锚杆[43]发明专利弹簧式活塞2018
32一种增阻型锚杆[44]发明专利橡胶式活塞2018
33一种可伸长多级让压锚杆[45]实用新型橡胶+弹簧式活塞2018
34一种恒阻大变形让压锚杆或锚索[46]发明专利液压式活塞2017
35一种新型多级让压锚杆[47]实用新型金属环+橡胶式类活塞2017
36一种新型多级让压锚杆[48]实用新型阻尼+弹簧+胀壳式类活塞2017
37软岩巷道支护恒阻变形锚杆[49]实用新型液压式活塞2016
38预应力让压锚杆的数值模拟研究及其应用[50]学位论文压缩让压管2007
39柔刚性可伸缩锚杆[51]实用新型弹簧活塞1993
40一种结构精简化的大变形吸能锚杆[52]发明专利材料本身大变形材料本质型2018
41一种吸能—抗震锚杆[53]发明专利材料本身大变形2018
42一种多级让压锚杆[54]发明专利涨开内衬管2018
43拉压耦合大变形锚杆作用机理及其试验研究[55]期刊论文通过结构优化,发挥钢材自身变形能力2015
44弯曲式可伸长锚杆的承载特性及应用研究[56]学位论文弯曲的杆体伸长2014
45可伸缩胀管式锚杆在大变形巷道支护中的应用[57]期刊论文杆体自身大变形1994
46改进型杆体可拉伸锚杆[58]实用新型材料本身大变形1991
47H型杆体可拉伸锚杆[59]实用新型材料本身大变形1988
48一种让压支护锚杆[60]发明专利半球形锚盘嵌入岩体其他类型2018
49一种恒阻大变形可拆卸式中空注浆锚杆[61]实用新型人工拆卸实现大变形2018

图1

一种挤压、摩擦式吸能锚杆"

图2

一种恒阻大变形吸能锚杆"

图3

一种可适应围岩变形的锚杆"

图4

一种吸能—抗震锚杆"

图5

一种结构精简化的大变形吸能锚杆"

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