黄金科学技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 238-245.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.02.120
李光1,2,3(),马凤山1,2(),郭捷1,2,赵海军1,2,寇永渊4,兰剑4,赵金田4
Guang LI1,2,3(),Fengshan MA1,2(),Jie GUO1,2,Haijun ZHAO1,2,Yongyuan KOU4,Jian LAN4,Jintian ZHAO4
摘要:
巷道支护一直是阻碍矿山安全、高效开采的难题,特别是在深部高地应力区,如何通过合适的支护手段控制巷道的变形,已成为国内外学者们特别关注的工程问题。针对金川二矿区高地应力破碎围岩这一特殊的地质条件,采用现场调查与数值模拟计算相结合的方法,对研究区巷道变形破坏特征和8种不同支护方式效果进行了研究。结果表明:(1)研究区巷道的变形破坏模式可划分为6种,分别为偏压变形、顶板下沉、顶板开裂、底鼓、边墙开裂和片帮,其中片帮是最常见的一种破坏模式;(2)研究区巷道的变形破坏具有3个特征,分别为最大主应力主导性、大变形和显著的时间效应;(3)在支护方式中增加U钢支架、补充底部支护、增大锚杆长度及减小锚杆间排距几种方法均能不同程度地改善支护效果。其中,增加U钢支架和底部喷锚网支护效果最显著,可以减小约70%的巷道变形量和塑性区;增大锚杆长度能更好地控制巷道的变形和整体稳定性,但优化效果不显著;减小锚杆间排距有利于巷道各部位变形和塑性区的控制,密集的锚杆布置能够有效改善围岩的完整性,且降低锚杆排距的支护效果更好。该项研究成果为金川矿区以及具有相似地质条件的地下工程支护问题提供了借鉴。
中图分类号:
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