基于物探技术的露天矿边坡失稳因素勘测研究

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.03.166

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为查明工程地质条件和气象水文条件对软弱结构面形成的影响，准确定位软弱面的位置，分析软弱面在边坡失稳过程中的作用，采用高密度电法和地质雷达法综合物探技术对露天矿边坡失稳影响因素进行了勘测，并解释了勘测结果。采用物探技术对白云鄂博铁矿边坡进行探测，结果表明：高密度电法和地质雷达勘测方法利用边坡裂缝发育程度、物理性质与围岩的电阻率差异，进行了裂缝分布勘测；利用水导电性好、对电磁波吸收作用强的特点，进行了地下水勘测，将探测反演结果相互印证，结合钻孔数据和工程水文地质资料，进行研究区边坡失稳因素推测，能够有效提高软弱面定位的准确性，为边坡失稳灾害预测提供支持。

关键词: 物探, 高密度电法, 地质雷达, 露天矿, 边坡失稳, 软弱结构面

Abstract:

Weak structural plane is an important factor of slope instability in open-pit mines.It is very important to detect the position of weak structural plane accurately and carry out prediction and early warning in time for the production of open-pit mines.The existence of broken rock，mud or groundwater in the fault of mine slope is the main reason for the formation of weak structural plane，which is obviously different from the complete rock mass in terms of physical properties such as apparent resistivity and dielectric constant.In order to find out the influence of engineering geological conditions and meteorological and hydrological conditions on the formation of the weak structural surface，locate the position of the weak structural surface accurately，and analyze the role of the weak structural surface in the process of slope instability，the detection and research on the influencing factors of the slope instability of the open pit mine were carried out with the Bayan Obo iron mine slope as the research object.Because of the factors such as the high and steep slope formed by mining and the deformed slope body，it is difficult to arrange the high-density electrical method on site.The comprehensive geophysical exploration technology of high-density electrical method and ground penetrating radar(GPR) method were used to survey the slope in the study area，and the survey results were explained.Three high-density survey lines，eight high-density electrical sections and two geological radar survey lines were arranged outside the boundary line of the northern boundary of the study area.The results of high-density electrical method show that the apparent resistivity of intact dolomite and slate in the study area is high，while that of broken slate，fault and water bearing slate is obviously decreased.According to the results of GPR，the whole rock mass has strong reflected energy，and the broken slate and fault are reflected shadow area.The comprehensive geophysical exploration method starts from the different physical properties of the slope rock mass to detect the geological structure of the slope.In this study，the high-density electrical method and the ground penetrating radar survey method make use of the development degree of the slope cracks，the difference of the physical properties and the resistivity of the surrounding rock to carry out the fracture distribution survey.At the same time，using the characteristics of good water conductivity and strong electromagnetic wave absorption to carry out the underground water survey，and verify the inversion results with each other，and combine the drilling data and the engineering hydrogeological data to carry out the slope survey in the study area.It can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of the weak surface.

Key words: geophysical prospecting, high density electrical method, ground penetrating radar, open-pit mine, slope failure, weak structural plane

中图分类号:

P631.3

康恩胜, 孟海东, 赵自豪, 何滔. 基于物探技术的露天矿边坡失稳因素勘测研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2020, 28(3): 363-371.

Ensheng KANG, Haidong MENG, Zihao ZHAO, Tao HE. Investigation on Factors Affecting Slope Instability in Open-pit Mines Based on Geophysical Prospecting Technology[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2020, 28(3): 363-371.

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