黄金科学技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 610-618.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.04.181
• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇
黄知恩1,2(),李明1,2(),廖国礼3,吴超1,2,黄锐1,2,李孜军1,2
Zhien HUANG1,2(),Ming LI1,2(),Guoli LIAO3,Chao WU1,2,Rui HUANG1,2,Zijun LI1,2
摘要:
为了预防高原矿工作业时间长和工作任务繁重等因素引起的疲劳失误事故,针对高原缺氧、低温等环境特性,首先分析了人体作业疲劳积累特点,并通过构建高原矿山人体疲劳—作业失误机理图,概括了高原地区人体疲劳积累与作业失误的发生机制。其次,比较了不同海拔下人体生理机能和最大做工量的变化,划分出高原矿工疲劳积累的4个阶段(疲劳积累初期、疲劳积累稳定期、疲劳积累末期、疲劳恢复不可逆期(疲劳性损伤),基于对高原矿山作业者疲劳与行为错误之间关系的问卷调查分析,绘制出高原矿工各作业疲劳阶段失误率变化特征曲线。最后,运用人因分析和分类系统(HFACS),提出了高原矿山作业疲劳—人因失误框架(F-HFACS),全面分析了高原矿工疲劳的因素及其对人因失误发生的影响。研究表明:疲劳稳定期通常作业效率较高、失误率低且基本稳定;疲劳末期疲劳积累进一步加深,作业失误率激增,为防止疲劳性损伤,必须停止作业。该研究为高原矿山制定合理的轮班方案,降低作业失误率提供了科学依据。
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