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黄金科学技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 825-836.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.06.097

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

西秦岭寨上金矿床构造控矿特征与成矿规律

张斌1(),刘家军1,2   

  1. 1.中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083
    2.中国地质大学(北京)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-01 修回日期:2020-07-05 出版日期:2020-12-31 发布日期:2021-01-29
  • 作者简介:张斌(1998-),男,广东梅州人,本科生,从事矿床学相关研究工作。870511694@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目“秦岭成矿域复合造山过程中印支—燕山期金—多金属成矿作用”(41730426)

Characteristics of the Ore-control Structure in the Zhaishang Gold Deposit in Western Qinling Region

Bin ZHANG1(),Jiajun LIU1,2   

  1. 1.School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2020-06-01 Revised:2020-07-05 Online:2020-12-31 Published:2021-01-29

摘要:

寨上金矿床是西秦岭造山带礼—岷成矿带西段一个十分重要的类卡林型金矿床。矿体赋存于泥盆—二叠系的浅变质碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩的层间破碎带中,受构造控制明显。为了分析构造与成矿之间的关系,对寨上金矿区构造裂隙进行了野外观察和统计分析,并对构造控矿规律进行了总结。研究结果表明:寨上金矿床的主要控矿构造方向为NW向;寨上金矿床的成矿具有多期次的特点,与多期次的构造运动相对应;印支期是本矿床一个重要的构造期,该期SN向的挤压应力对节理裂隙的形成有十分重要的影响,并在此应力作用下元素富集形成了早期的矿体;燕山期受NE向扭应力作用,NW向构造发生继承性活动,岩浆热液顺裂隙就位,混入大气降水,在早期矿体上叠加成矿。

关键词: 构造特征, 节理分析, 成矿模式, 类卡林型金矿, 寨上金矿床, 西秦岭

Abstract:

During the 1990s,with the deepening of research and exploration of carlin-type gold deposit in China on the basis of the connotation of carlin-type gold deposit,some gold deposits were discovered and redefined as carlin-like gold deposits.This is a class of gold deposits that show similar geological characteristics to the carlin-type gold deposit,but their geochemical characteristics are obviously different.The Zhaishang gold deposit located in the western part of the Li-Min metallogenic belt within the western Qinling Mountains is a very important carlin-like disseminated gold deposit.Since it was discovered through geochemical anomaly information and civil mining information in 2 000,many workers have carried out geological,geochemical,geophysical,remote sensing,engineering and other aspects of exploration,as well as researches on mineral composition,texture and structure of rock,orebody distribution,fluid source and ore-forming conditions,showing the superior metallogenic geological conditions and great prospecting potential of the deposit.Based on a large number of field work data and analysis of ore-forming characteristics in the mining area,we mainly studied the No.31 vein and the Zhamashu ore section in the South ore belt,taking the measurement and analysis of structural traces of different scales as the basis.On the basis of the analysis of the ore control law of the structure,the “three in one” ore-forming model of ore-forming geological body,ore-forming structure,ore-forming structural plane and ore-forming characteristics was summarized to guide the prospecting systemati-cally.The results of field observation and statistical analysis on the structural fissures of the Zhaishang gold deposit show that the most developed joints are in the NW-SE direction of 106°~137°,and the joints in the NE-SW direction of 196°~229° come second.It is indicated that the SN-trending compressive stress in Indosinian period,which is an important structural period of the gold deposit,formed most of the joint fractures of the deposit.And the deposit is mainly formed in Indosinian and Yanshanian tectonic movements,the orebody is controlled by folds,faults and strata.In Yanshanian period the deposit was mainly controlled by NE-trending positive torsional stress,which led to the successive activity of NW-trending structure formed in the Indosinian period,the emplacement of magmatic hydrothermal fluid along fractures,the mixing of atmospheric precipitation,and the superimposition of mineralization on the early orebodies.

Key words: structural features, analysis of joints, metallogenic model, carlin-like gold deposit, Zhaishang gold deposit, western Qinling Mountains

中图分类号: 

  • P618.51

图1

西秦岭及其邻区地质构造与金矿床分布图(据杜子图[19]、于岚[20]修改)SF1-商丹缝合带;SF2-勉略缝合带;F1-岷县—宕昌断裂;F2-礼县—罗坪—锁龙断裂;F3-礼县—洮坪断裂;1.缝合带;2.走滑断层;3.研究区;4.花岗岩;5.大型金矿床;6.中小型金矿床"

图2

寨上金矿区地质简图(据刘家军等[24]修改)1.第四系;2.古新统砾岩;3.下二叠统十里墩碳质板岩夹砂岩;4.上泥盆统大草滩组下段碳质板岩夹少量石英砂岩;5.上泥盆统大草滩组上段硅质板岩;6.中泥盆统石灰岩及钙质板岩;7.地层界线及地层产状;8.断层及编号;9.矿体及编号"

图3

寨上金矿床矿石结构特征(均为反射光照片,据Liu等[28])(a)碳质板岩型金矿石中浸染状黄铁矿呈草莓状结构;(b)金矿石中自形、半自形粒状毒砂中,包含他形粒状的黄铁矿;(c)闪锌矿交代黄铜矿;(d)呈胶状结构的菱锰矿—菱铁矿脉;(e)黄铁矿的显微环带结构;(f)黄铁矿的环边结构;(g)黄铁矿的碎斑结构;(h)辉锑矿的压力雁形双晶结构;(i)显微黄铁矿细脉和网状脉矿石;Apy-毒砂;Py-黄铁矿;Cp-黄铜矿;Sp-闪锌矿;Stb-辉锑矿;Sid-菱铁矿;Rh-菱锰矿;Lep-纤铁矿;Ru-金红石;Qz-石英;Cal-方解石"

图4

寨上金矿区地质剖面图(据刘家军等[24]和寨上地区地质图图切剖面修编)1.新近系甘肃群;2.下二叠统十里墩组上段;3.下二叠统十里墩组下段;4.上泥盆统大草滩组上段;5.上泥盆统大草滩组下段;6.中泥盆统黄家沟组;7.中泥盆统安家岔组;8.矿脉;9.矿体;10.断层"

图5

寨上地区褶皱构造(a)斜歪褶皱;(b)尖棱褶皱;(c)膝折;图中trend表示应力方向,即倾伏向,plunge表示倾伏角"

图6

寨上金矿区节理分析图注:N为野外统计的节理总数;图(b)极点密度图中的颜色条的单位为单位面积内的极点百分比;σ1、σ2和σ3均为主应力方向,其中σ1为最大主应力方向,σ2为中间主应力方向,σ3为最小主应力方向"

图7

寨上金矿区断裂构造"

图8

寨上金矿区构造—成矿模式图1.下二叠统十里铺组下段;2.上泥盆统大草滩组上段;3.上泥盆统大草滩组下段;4.中泥盆统黄家沟组;5.中泥盆统安家岔组;6.印支—燕山期岩浆岩;7.矿脉及矿体;8.断层"

图9

蚀变闪长玢岩露头及镜下显微照片(据孟五一[11])(a)闪长玢岩小露头;(b)闪长玢岩手标本;(c)单偏镜下闪长玢岩;(d)正交光下闪长玢岩"

图10

成矿阶段关系图(据孟五一[11])(a)阶段Ⅰ:早阶段的石英脉含有少量硫化物;(b)、(c)阶段Ⅱ:网脉状石英中含有大量黄铁矿与毒砂;(d)、(e)阶段Ⅲ:多金属硫化物与石英碳酸盐脉共生;(f)阶段V:碳酸盐晚阶段形成粗大的碳酸盐脉"

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