单轴压缩试验中减弱端部效应新型方法研究

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了减弱端部效应对单轴抗压强度测量的影响，提出一种新型的单轴压缩试验方法。该方法采用与试件材质相同的岩石作为垫块进行单轴压缩试验，设置了（25+50+25）mm和（20+60+20）mm 2种试件高度组合进行试验，并与高度为50 mm、60 mm的单一试件的试验结果进行对比。结果表明：该新型试验方法可以降低单轴压缩试验中端部效应对测量岩石单轴抗压强度的影响，并得到更为均匀的径向应变；（25+50+25）mm和（20+60+20）mm组合试件相比高度为50 mm和60 mm的单一试件，单轴抗压强度分别降低了38.41%和39.69%，相比标准试件，单轴抗压强度也有所降低。数值模拟结果表明：无论有无端部摩擦，组合试件的单轴抗压强度均与理想状态下模拟所得的岩石试件的单轴抗压强度值接近；无端部摩擦时单个试件与组合试件具有均匀的径向应变；有端部摩擦时组合试件的径向应变较为均匀。数值模拟结果证明了该新型试验方法减弱了端部效应，但并未完全消除。

关键词: 岩石力学, 端部效应, 单轴压缩, 数值模拟, 砂岩, 垫块, 应变分布

Abstract:

As a difficult point in rock mechanics，end effect has been widely concerned by scholars.The phenomenon of end effect is caused by the friction between the indenter of testing machine and rock specimen in the process of compression，which usually causes the measured compressive strength of rock increased.However，the more intuitive performance of end effect is that the radial strain of rock is larger in the middle and smaller at both ends.According to Saint-Venant’s principle，when the height diameter ratio is greater than 2.0，the influence of the end effect can be ignored，but only the influence of the end effect on the measured uniaxial compressive strength can be ignored，which doesn’t form uniform stress in the specimen.Therefore，the method of weakening the end effect should be further studied.By summarizing the research of domestic and foreign scholars，it is found that there are two main methods to reduce the end effect，they are reducing the end friction and controlling the end deformation.The first method is to add friction reducing agent between the indenter of the testing machine and the end of the rock specimen，but it can’t completely eliminate the end effect.The second method is to use the metal specimen with the same mechanical parameters as the rock specimen as the cushion block，but it is too difficult to find this kind of metal material.Based on the second idea，to reduce the influence of end effect in the measurement of uniaxial compressive strength，a new uniaxial compression test method was proposed.In this method，uniaxial compression test was carried out using the rocks with the same material as the specimen as the cushion block.Two combination forms of （25+50+25）mm and （20+60+20）mm are set for the experiment，and the experimental results are compared with those specimens with the height of 50 mm and 60 mm.The results show that the new experimental method can reduce the influence of end effect on the measurement of uniaxial compressive strength of rock and obtain more uniform radial strain.Compared with the specimens with the height of 50 mm and 60 mm，the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimens with the height of （25+50+25）mm and （20+60+20）mm is reduced by 38.41% and 39.69% respectively，ad-ditionally，the strength is also decreased comparing with the standard specimen.Numerical simulation results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of the combined specimen with or without end friction is close to the uniaxial compressive strength of the standard specimen in ideal state.All of the specimens have uniform radial strain without end friction.The radial strain of the combined specimen is relatively uniform when there is end effect.Numerical simulation results prove that the new experimental method reduces the end effect，but it can’t completely eliminate the end effect.

Key words: rock mechanics, end effect, uniaxial compression, numerical simulation, sandstone, cushion block, strain distribution

中图分类号:

TD315

贾敬锎,黄滚,汪龙,成墙,甄利兵. 单轴压缩试验中减弱端部效应新型方法研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021, 29(3): 382-391.

Jingkai JIA,Gun HUANG,Long WANG,Qiang CHENG,Libing ZHEN. Study on a New Method of Weakening End Effect in Uniaxial Compression Test[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2021, 29(3): 382-391.

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模型	体积模量 /GPa	剪切模量 /GPa	弹性模量 /GPa	泊松比	黏聚力 /MPa	内摩擦角 /（°）
岩石	3.3	2.0	5	0.25	12	45
压头	111.1	83.3	200	0.20	-	-

试验方案	有无摩擦	接触面编号	接触面参数
试验方案	有无摩擦	接触面编号	黏聚力/MPa	内摩擦角/（°）
1	无	接触面-1	0	0
1	无	接触面-2	8	30
2	有	接触面-1	4	15
2	有	接触面-2	8	30

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