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黄金科学技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 545-554.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.04.156

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

温度冲击对花岗岩动态拉伸力学性能的影响

李柏锦1(),李响1,2,王彦3(),尹土兵1,李夕兵1   

  1. 1.中南大学资源与安全工程学院，湖南 长沙 410083
    2.中山大学土木工程学院，广东 珠海 519082
    3.中南大学机电工程学院，湖南 长沙 410012
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-31 修回日期:2020-12-30 出版日期:2021-08-31 发布日期:2021-10-08
  • 通讯作者: 王彦 E-mail:877195718@qq.com;wangyancumt@163.com
  • 作者简介:李柏锦（1996-），男，云南昆明人，硕士研究生，从事岩石力学研究工作。877195718@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“深部资源开采诱发岩体动力灾害机理与防控方法研究”(41630642);“开采扰动下深部工程结构的动态响应机理”(11972378);“深部高温高应力岩石动态断裂特征及微观破裂机理”(51774325)

Effect of Thermal Shock on the Dynamic Tensile Mechanical Behavior of Granite

Baijin LI1(),Xiang LI1,2,Yan WANG3(),Tubing YIN1,Xibing LI1   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Safety Engineering，Central South University，Changsha 410083，Hunan，China
    2.School of Civil Engineering，Sun Yat-sen University，Zhuhai 519082，Guangdong，China
    3.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Central South University，Changsha 410012，Hunan，China
  • Received:2020-08-31 Revised:2020-12-30 Online:2021-08-31 Published:2021-10-08
  • Contact: Yan WANG E-mail:877195718@qq.com;wangyancumt@163.com

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摘要：

在特定情况下，岩体工程中的岩石会经历温度快速变化（温度冲击），因此研究温度冲击对岩石的影响对实际工程中岩体的稳定性分析有重要意义。通过将花岗岩试件加热至3种高温（200，400，600 ℃），并采用3种方法冷却，研究了温度冲击对花岗岩物理性质的影响；使用分离式霍普金森压杆研究了温度冲击对花岗岩动态拉伸特性的影响，发现其动态拉伸强度随加热温度和冷却速率的增大而减小；使用高速摄影仪记录试件拉伸破坏时的裂纹形态，结合碎块形态，分析温度冲击对花岗岩的损伤程度，得出200 ℃加热条件下花岗岩不产生温度冲击，而在400 ℃和600 ℃加热条件下，花岗岩损伤程度随加热温度和冷却速率的增大而增大。

关键词: 花岗岩, 温度冲击, 冷却速率, 霍普金森杆, 动态拉伸强度, 高速摄影

Abstract:

Under certain conditions，such as the drilling surrounding rock cooled by drilling fluid in geothermal development，the surrounding rock rapid cooled in the process of extinguishing the fire，rock in rock mass engineering will experience rapid temperature change（thermal shock）.Therefore the study of thermal shock in rocks is of great significance for stability analysis of rock structure affected by thermal shock.Granite specimens were heated to the high temperatures of 200 ℃，400 ℃ and 600 ℃，and then cooled by three methods of water cooling，air cooling and cooling in the stove.The physical properties such as dry density，P-wave velocity，porosity of granite after distinctive thermal shock were measured.The dry density and porosity were measured with buoyancy techniques.The P-wave velocity was measured by a non-destructive ultrasonic detector.As the heating level and cooling rate rise，the dry density and P-wave velocity present a descending trend，and the porosity presents an ascending trend.The damage degree of granite increases with the increase of heating temperature and cooling rate.The dynamic tensile tests were performed on the specimens after distinctive thermal shock treatment utilizing the split Hopkinson pressure bar system.The dynamic tensile strength of granite heated at 600 ℃ is less than that of granite heated at 400 ℃ and 200 ℃，and the dynamic tensile strength of water-cooled granite is less than that of air-cooled and stove-cooled granite.The damage degree of the granite caused by thermal shock was analyzed by the crack morphology of the specimens recorded by high-speed photography during the tensile failure and the morphology of the broken pieces after failure.The results show that the damage degree of granite increases with the increase of heating level and cooling rate.Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was used to identify the microcosmic damage and fracture characteristics of granite caused by thermal shock.There are two kinds of characteristic fracture morphology of thermal shock were observed on the specimens after heated at 400 ℃ and 600 ℃ （both air-cooled and water-cooled conditions）.However，neither fracture morphology can be found at 200 ℃ （including 3 kinds of cooling conditions）.Therefore，there is no thermal shock at 200 ℃；When the heating level reaches 400 ℃，the granite is damaged by high temperature and thermal shock.When the heating level reaches 600 ℃，the granite is badly damaged.And the damage degree of granite increases with the increase of heating temperature and cooling rate.This study can provide theoretical basis for the analysis of thermal shock damage and the evaluation of rock mass stability after high temperature disaster in practical engineering.

Key words: granite, thermal shock, cooling rate, split Hopkinson pressure bar, dynamic tensile strength, high-speed photography

中图分类号: 

  • TU452

图1

巴西圆盘试件及其显微照片Qtz-石英；Pl-斜长石；Bt-黑云母；Ms-白云母"

表1

试件温度处理分类"

冷却方式加热等级及试件分组
200 ℃400 ℃600 ℃对照组（无温度处理）
炉内冷却8个试件8个试件8个试件
空气冷却8个试件8个试件8个试件8个试件
水中冷却8个试件8个试件8个试件

图2

加热炉与水中冷却示意图"

图3

试件温度变化图"

图4

温度冲击处理后花岗岩物理性质变化规律"

图5

霍普金森杆系统"

图6

应力加载历史图"

图7

不同温度冲击条件下花岗岩动态拉伸特性"

图8

花岗岩试件在冲击试验中的裂纹形态（高速摄影）"

图9

不同温度冲击处理的花岗岩试件在动态冲击试验后的碎片形态"

图10

温度冲击后试件的裂纹形态（a）、（b）Hall et al.（2014）发现的温度冲击所产生的正交裂缝和多边形裂缝；（c）、（d）本次试验涉及温度冲击的试件中发现的正交裂缝和多边形裂缝"

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