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黄金科学技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 564-572.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.04.188

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

采矿废石—尾砂混合骨料在下向分层进路胶结充填采矿中应用的试验研究

何建元1(),李宏业1,高谦2(),尹升华2   

  1. 1.金川集团股份有限公司,甘肃 金昌 737100
    2.北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-23 修回日期:2021-05-22 出版日期:2021-08-31 发布日期:2021-10-08
  • 通讯作者: 高谦 E-mail:2486794994@qq.com;gaoqian@ces.ustb.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:何建元(1979-),男,甘肃武威人,工程师,从事充填采矿技术研究和生产管理工作。2486794994@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划重点专项“深部金属矿高效协同膏体充填技术”(2017YFC06022903)

Experimental Research on Application of Mixed Aggregate of Mining Waste Rock and Tailings in Downward Layered Approach and Cemented Filling Mining Method HE Jianyuan1,LI Hongye1,GAO Qian2,YIN Shenghua2

  • Received:2020-10-23 Revised:2021-05-22 Online:2021-08-31 Published:2021-10-08

摘要:

为了降低金川矿山充填采矿成本,针对下向分层进路胶结充填采矿法,开展了废石—尾砂混合骨料现场工业充填试验。对废石和尾砂进行了粒度分析与级配研究,选取合适的废石—尾砂配比混合骨料开展现场工业充填试验研究。结果表明:-16 mm废石粗骨料和选矿尾砂细骨料的配比在5∶5~7∶3范围内,此时混合骨料的堆积密实度达到或接近于最大;对于废石与尾砂配比为6∶4和5∶5的混合骨料,当水泥添加量为260 kg/m3时,2种配比的混合骨料的胶结充填体强度均满足金川矿山充填法采矿的胶结体强度要求;采用一段搅拌时废石—尾砂混合骨料充填料浆搅拌不均匀,水泥和尾砂存在结团现象,导致胶结充填体均质性较差,整体稳定性较低,因此,废石—尾砂混合骨料的充填料浆需要采取二段活化搅拌来提高胶结充填体整体质量;对混合骨料充填料浆配比的精确控制,是影响胶结充填体强度和整体稳定性的重要因素。

关键词: 废石—尾砂, 混合骨料, 粒径级配, 下向分层进路胶结充填采矿法, 工业试验, 充填体质量

Abstract:

The downward layered approach cemented filling mining method was selected in Jinchuan nickel deposit,but there is a problem of high filling cost and low production capacity.In order to reduce the cost of filling mining,the industrial filling test of waste rock and tailing mixed aggregate was carried out based on a large number of laboratory studies.Firstly,the particle size analysis and grading study of the -16 mm waste rock coarse aggregate and dressing tailings fine aggregate were carried out.The results show that the diameters of the two kinds of aggregate belong to filling aggregate with discontinuous distribution and poor gradation.According to the different ratios of the two kinds of aggregate,the compactness test of the mixed aggregate was carried out,and the relationship curve between the ratio of waste rock tailings of the mixed aggregate and the compactness was established,so as to determine the optimal ratio of the mixed aggregate when the compactness reached the maximum.The research results show that when the ratio of -16 mm waste rock and dressing tailings is within the range of 7∶3 to 5∶5,the density of mixed aggregate accumulation reaches or approaches the maximum,and the corresponding ratio of mixed aggregate particle size is continuously graded.Then,the industrial filling test was carried out for the mixed aggregate with the ratio of waste rock and tailing of 6∶4 and 5∶5,thus obtaining the strength of the cemented backfill with the mixed aggregate of the two ratios.The test results show that when the cement content is 260 kg/m3,the strength of cemented backfill of the two kinds of mixed aggregate meets the strength requirements of cemented backfill in the downward layered approach and cemented filling mining method in Jinchuan mine,and the strength of the mixed aggregate cementing backfill in the ratio of 6∶4 is higher than that of the mixed aggregate cementing backfill in the ratio of 5∶5.According to the observation on the fracture surface of the cementing backfill test block,when a single stage of mixing is used,there are uneven mixing of the mixed aggregate filler slurry and agglomeration of cement and tailings,resulting in poor homogeneity of the cemented filler and low overall stability.So for the waste rock-tailing mixed aggregate filling slurry,it is recommended to use two-stage activated stirring,which can not only improve the overall quality of the filling body,but also improve the fluidity of the filling slurry,which is conducive to the pipeline self-flow transportation of the filling slurry.It is also found in the industrial filling test that the precise ratio of slurry of mixed aggrgate is another important factor affecting the quality of cemented backfill and slurry pipe transport characteristics.Therefore,improving the ratio of waste tailing aggregate and adding amount of cement and water is an important factor to realize the safe and reliable application of waste tailing mixed aggregate in filling mining.

Key words: waste rock and tailing, mixed aggregate, particle size and grading, downward slicing and filling mining method, industrial test, backfill mass

中图分类号: 

  • TD863

表1

金川矿山废石和选矿尾砂化学成分"

化学成分含量化学成分含量
废石尾砂废石尾砂
SiO236.3133.60Cr2O3-0.60
MgO28.1533.00Na2O-0.30
Fe2O3-20.70K2O-0.30
SO3-4.50TiO2-0.20
Al2O33.392.70其他10.381.40
CaO3.862.60

表2

金川矿山废石和选矿尾砂粒径分析结果"

骨料粒径/mm频度分布/%负累积分布/%
选厂尾砂0.00053.513.52
0.00154.928.43
0.00306.2214.62
0.006010.8125.42
0.012015.4140.81
0.02407.9248.73
0.048012.1260.82
0.096024.0184.82
0.164015.22100.00
废石骨料0.08005.525.52
0.23702.518.01
0.47207.0215.01
0.94205.6820.68
1.80407.0227.65
3.556014.3442.01
7.126041.3283.32
12.740016.68100.00

表3

金川矿山废石粗骨料和选矿尾砂粒径级配分布特征参数"

骨料尾砂特征粒径/mm不均匀系数Cu曲率系数Cc粒度特性曲线
选厂尾砂d900.156622.670.368y=100x0.20.43126
d600.0612
d500.0400
d300.0078
d100.0027
dav0.0630
废石骨料d9013.50117.963.808y=100x0.20.43126
d607.023
d505.235
d303.233
d100.391
dav5.803

图1

金川矿山废石粗骨料的粒径级配分布曲线"

图2

废石—尾砂混合骨料堆集密实度与废石含量之间的关系曲线"

表4

废石—全尾砂充填料浆配合比设计"

试验参数试验水平
废石∶尾砂5∶5、6∶4、7∶3
水泥掺量/(kg·m-3220、240、260、280
料浆质量浓度/%77、78、79、80

图3

不同骨料配比下充填体强度"

表5

金川矿山工业试验进路胶结充填体强度测试结果"

采场位置测点距进路口距离/m测点高度/m充填体强度/MPa采场位置测点距进路口距离/m测点高度/m充填体强度/MPa
152.54.32202.56.43
152.05.00202.05.40
151.54.65201.56.78
151.05.31201.06.58
150.56.13200.58.39
1102.54.89252.54.94
1102.04.51252.05.37
1101.54.73251.56.08
1101.05.14251.06.34
1100.55.50250.57.44
1202.54.512252.05.36
1202.04.202251.55.16
1201.55.162251.05.83
1201.04.462250.58.57
1200.55.332351.55.24
1302.04.302351.06.16
1301.54.882350.56.93
1301.04.622451.06.82
1300.54.952450.57.30
1402.04.332501.05.63
1401.54.552500.57.55
1401.06.46301.04.99
1400.55.50300.56.44
1501.54.93351.05.99
1501.04.66350.57.00
1500.56.14

表6

金川矿山废石—尾砂混合骨料充填工业试验时间与现场测试结果统计"

测定时间充填时间胶结时间进路编号废石和尾砂配比平均抗压强度/MPa
8月13日7月21日23 d5工区1 158 m分段Ⅲ盘区一分层19#5∶54.97
8月14日7月26日19 d6工区1 178 m分段Ⅴ盘区三分层42#5∶55.12
8月21日7月25日27 d6工区1 178 m分段Ⅵ盘区三分层28#6∶46.39

表7

废石和尾砂配比为5∶5 的充填体抗压强度测试结果"

水泥掺量 /(kg·m-3料浆质量浓度/%抗压强度/MPa
3 d7 d28 d
260772.2
260782.8
260793.1
260781.61.703.8
260792.43.314.2
260802.44.054.7

表8

废石和尾砂配比为6∶4 的充填体抗压强度测试结果"

水泥掺量 /(kg·m-3料浆质量浓度/%抗压强度/MPa
3 d7 d28 d
260772.6
260782.7
260793.1
260782.13.34.35
260792.54.24.85
260803.54.358.50

图4

废石和尾砂配比为5∶5 的混合骨料胶结充填体试块压裂破坏照片"

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