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黄金科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 324-332.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.03.105

• 采空区专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

复杂采空区群稳定性数值分析及安全分级评价

周科平1(),曹立雄1,李杰林1(),张玮2,杨承业1,张孝平3,高乐1   

  1. 1.中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.玉溪大红山矿业有限公司,云南 玉溪 653405
    3.天河道云(北京)科技有限公司,北京 100176
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-12 修回日期:2022-04-05 出版日期:2022-06-30 发布日期:2022-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 李杰林 E-mail:Kpzhou@vip.163.com;lijielin@163.com
  • 作者简介:周科平(1964-),男,湖南衡阳人,教授,博士生导师,从事金属矿山开采、采空区稳定性分析等研究工作。Kpzhou@vip.163.com

Stability Numerical Analysis and Safety Classification Evaluation of Complex Goaf Group

Keping ZHOU1(),Lixiong CAO1,Jielin LI1(),Wei ZHANG2,Chengye YANG1,Xiaoping ZHANG3,Le GAO1   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
    2.Yuxi Dahongshan Mining Co. , Ltd. , Yuxi 653405, Yunnan, China
    3.Tianhe Daoyun(Beijing) Technology Co. , Ltd. , Beijing 100176, China
  • Received:2021-08-12 Revised:2022-04-05 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-09-14
  • Contact: Jielin LI E-mail:Kpzhou@vip.163.com;lijielin@163.com

摘要:

采空区已成为影响矿山安全生产的重大隐患。为了准确分析复杂采空区群的稳定性,加强矿山对采空区群的安全管控,基于某矿山采空区群精细探测数据,采用Geomagic、Midas GTS与FLAC3D的耦合建模以及数值模拟分析方法,对复杂采空区群进行稳定性分析;同时,以采空区类型、岩石抗压强度和暴露面积等16项指标建立了复杂采空区群的安全分级评价体系,开展了复杂采空区群安全分级评价。结果表明:大矿体采空区上盘及东南方向顶板存在垮落隐患;五盘区采空区西北方向顶板“跳板状”围岩在残矿回采过程中将发生大幅形变;主采区各采空区相隔的间柱存在较大的应力集中现象。结合采空区安全分级评价结果,提出了各采空区的处理措施建议。研究结果为同类矿山的采空区稳定性分析和安全分级评价提供了借鉴。

关键词: 采空区群, 耦合建模, 稳定性分析, 安全分级评价, 危险度评价, 物元可拓评价模型

Abstract:

Goaf has become a major hidden danger affecting mine safety production.In order to accurately analyze the stability of complex goaf group and strengthen the safety control of goaf group in mine,based on the fine detection data of goaf group in a mine,a coupling modeling and numerical simulation analysis method of Geomagic,Midas GTS and FLAC3D was adopted to analyze the stability of complex goaf group.At the same time,the safety classification evaluation system of complex goaf group was established based on 16 indicators such as goaf type,rock compressive strength and exposed area,and the safety classification evaluation of complex goaf group was carried out.The results show that there are caving hazards in the hanging wall and southeastern roof of large ore body goaf.The ‘springboard’ rockmass in the northwest of the panel-5 will be deformed greatly in the process of residual ore mining.There is great stress concentration in the inter-pillar separated by each goaf in the main mining area.Combined with the safety classification evaluation results of goaf,the treatment measures of each goaf are proposed.The research results provide reference for the stability analysis and safety classification evaluation of mined-out areas in similar mines.

Key words: goaf group, coupling modeling, stability analysis, safety classification evaluation, risk assessment, matter-element extension evaluation model

中图分类号: 

  • TD325.3

图1

三维激光扫描技术构建采空区及巷道三维实体模型"

图2

实测采空区的空间区域圈定"

图3

三角网片均匀化"

图4

数值模型构建"

表1

岩体物理力学参数"

岩石类别物理力学指标
弹性模量/GPa泊松比内聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)单轴抗拉强度/MPa密度/(kg·m-3
围岩11.2210.212.67950.290.352.93
矿体14.9640.233.54547.150.413.05

图5

采空区稳定性数值分析结果"

图6

790 m中段应力显现"

图7

采空区安全分级评价原理"

表2

采空区稳定性影响指标"

指标类型指标名称指标描述
定性指标采空区类型采矿方法、形成与处理时间、存在形态
地质构造断层、褶皱、裂隙分布特征
岩体结构结构面和结构体形状、规模、性质
围岩支护围岩支护方式
顶板特征顶板形状、支护措施
地表特征地表变形、塌陷沉降、防洪、围岩垮落及安全防护
水文因素空区内水文地质特征
相邻空区分布周边采空区群或独立采空区分布
工程布置运输、采准、切割巷道及采场布置
定量指标采空区规模独立采空区体积
埋深承压围岩之间的水平距离
高跨比跨度与高度比值
暴露面积空区水平面投影面积
矿柱安全系数矿柱稳定程度
岩石抗压强度岩石坚硬程度
岩石质量标准岩体被各种结构面切割的程度

表3

采空区安全评级"

危险度等级治理方案
一级采用充填法处理采空区,主要为废石充填、 移动式泵送充填、废石胶结充填
采用崩落法处理,如果围岩较为稳固, 视情况强制崩落
二级采用崩落法处理
采用充填法处理
三级封闭处理采空区
加固、支撑顶板
构筑阻波墙,减少冲击波危害
四级设置警示线、封闭采空区

表4

采空区分级汇总"

序号采空区编号分级处理方式(建议)
1730 m中段一盘区采空区三级封闭、后期视情况充填
2775 m中段零盘区采空区四级封闭、后期视情况充填
3775 m中段一盘区采空区三级充填
4790 m低品位矿体采空区群(7个)四级封闭、后期视情况充填
5805 m中段一盘区采空区三级充填
6805 m低品位矿体采空区群(6个)四级封闭、后期视情况充填
7835 m中段一盘区采空区三级充填
8835 m中段二盘区采空区三级充填
9大矿体采空区一级构筑阻波墙后充填
10五盘区采空区二级在710 m中段底部出矿口构筑阻波墙后充填
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