富水冰碛层竖井施工过程数值模拟

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.05.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对冰碛层围岩固结程度低、围岩力学性质差且内部含冰水积层等特点，分析冰碛层土体条件下竖井施工过程中围岩变形情况，研究施工过程中支护结构受力特性，优化冰碛层土体条件下竖井施工方案。以四川凉山小麻柳尾矿库8#竖井工程为例，结合实际工程情况，利用FLAC^3D软件对不同竖井施工方案的施工过程进行数值模拟，得到了竖井施工侧壁围岩随施工过程的变化规律及特征。由数值计算结果和实际施工情况可知，反井导洞扩挖法在冰碛层等弱固结、富水土层的施工效果较好，渗流场孔隙水压力及竖井侧壁围岩应力较小，对周边围岩的扰动较小，能够有效降低土体变形。

关键词: 竖井施工, 冰碛层, 流固分析, 应力分布, 位移变化, 塑性区

Abstract:

As an important part of mine construction，shaft engineering is also a key project to ensure the normal operation of the mine.With the continuous development and utilization of resources，the difficulty of resource extraction also increases，and more and more shaft projects need to be constructed under complex geological conditions.Moraine layer is a special geotechnical material widely distributed in the western region of China，there is more and more construction projects on this type of soil.Compared with the general sur-rounding rock structure，the soil mass of the moraine layer is basically composed of debris，the surrounding rock is mostly in a soft plastic state，the degree of consolidation is low，and the stability of the soil body is poor. The pressure is high，and the general shaft construction method is difficult to apply to the construction of this type of soil.Therefore，in order to improve the construction efficiency of the shaft under the geological conditions of the moraine layer，control the deformation of the surrounding rock during the construction of the shaft under the soil condition of the moraine layer，and optimize the construction plan of the shaft under the soil condition of the moraine layer.Taking the 8# shaft project of Xiaomaliu tailings pond in Sichuan as an example，using the research method of numerical analysis，combined with the actual engineering situation，considering the influence of underground diving in the moraine layer soil on the construction operation of the shaft，the shaft construction process of the vertical shafts by forward excavation method，full-section reverse shaft method and reverse shaft pilot tunnel expansion method were analyzed，and the distribution of pore water pressure，stress，displacement and plastic zone after the construction of the three types of shafts were analyzed.It can be seen from the simulation results that the construction effect of the excavation method is better，followed by the forward excavation method，and the construction effect of the full-section reverse method is the worst.The pore water pressure of the shaft seepage field and the surrounding rock stress on the side wall of the shaft in the construction of the raised shaft excavation method are relatively small，and the maximum deformation of the surrounding rock on the side wall of the shaft is only 4 cm.Similar，the maximum displacement reaches 7 cm.The full-section back-well method has poor construction effect，the groundwater can’t be discharged in time，the pore water pressure on the side wall of the shaft is large，and the deformation of the surrounding rock on the side wall of the shaft is large，reaching 10 cm.Therefore，among the three types of shaft construction schemes，the excavation method of the raised shaft can effectively control the soil deformation around the shaft.

Key words: shaft construction, moraine layer, fluid-solid analysis, stress distribution, displacement change, plastic zone

中图分类号:

TU42

过江,蒋倪明,程鑫. 富水冰碛层竖井施工过程数值模拟[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2022, 30(5): 733-742.

Jiang GUO,Niming JIANG,Xin CHENG. Numerical Simulation Study on Shaft Construction Process of Water-rich Moraine Layer[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2022, 30(5): 733-742.

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方案类型	应力/MPa		位移/m		塑性区体积/m³
方案类型	竖向	侧向	竖向	侧向	拉伸破坏区	剪切破坏区
方案A	1.91	1.15	0.059	0.040	157.47	1 149.53
方案B	1.10	1.45	0.041	0.088	653.65	3 299.84
方案C	2.23	1.13	0.025	0.038	10.89	140.56

评价指标		指标变异性	指标冲突性	信息量	权重/%
应力	竖向	0.515	9.185	4.734	35.25
应力	侧向	0.560	3.001	1.681	12.52
位移	竖向	0.500	4.754	2.378	17.71
位移	侧向	0.566	3.026	1.713	12.76
塑性区	拉伸破坏区	0.524	2.849	1.493	11.12
塑性区	剪切破坏区	0.511	2.798	1.429	10.64

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