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黄金科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 912-922.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.06.116

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

离子吸附型稀土矿剪切力学特性及微震信号特征

王晓军1,2(),钟启平1,2,胡凯建1,2,汪豪1,2,王宇1,2,李立浩1,2,冯亮1()   

  1. 1.江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院，江西 赣州 341000
    2.江西理工大学江西省矿业工程重点实验室，江西 赣州 341000
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-19 修回日期:2022-10-11 出版日期:2022-12-31 发布日期:2023-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 冯亮 E-mail:xiaojun7903@126.com;liang.feng@jxust.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王晓军（1979-），男，山西晋中人，教授，从事矿山岩体稳定性分析与控制方面的研究与教学工作。xiaojun7903@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“不同价态离子置换过程稀土矿体孔隙结构空间演化机制及渗流特性研究”(51874148);“离子型稀土浸矿过程微细颗粒运动行为机理及调控方法研究”(52174113);“崩塌落石微震信号衰减机制及物理参数反演分析研究”(42107182);“原地浸出体系稀土离子运移过程再吸附行为机理研究”(51904119);江西省杰出青年人才资助计划项目(20192BCBL23010);江西省“双千计划”科技创新高端人才项目(jxsq2019201043)

Shear Mechanical Properties and Microseismic Signal Characteristics of Ionadsorption Rare Earth Ore

Xiaojun WANG1,2(),Qiping ZHONG1,2,Kaijian HU1,2,Hao WANG1,2,Yu WANG1,2,Lihao LI1,2,Liang FENG1()   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
    2.Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2022-07-19 Revised:2022-10-11 Online:2022-12-31 Published:2023-01-06
  • Contact: Liang FENG E-mail:xiaojun7903@126.com;liang.feng@jxust.edu.cn

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摘要：

为了研究稀土矿滑坡发生剪切破坏时的力学性质，以赣南离子吸附型稀土矿为研究对象，运用微震监测技术在室内环境下对重塑土试样开展了直接剪切试验，利用微震监测记录设备同步采集稀土试样试验过程中的微震信号，对以含水率表征的不同浸渗状态下试样的力学特性和微震信号特征进行了研究。结果表明：（1）随着试样含水率的增大，黏聚力显著下降，趋于饱和阶段时黏聚力下降速率减缓，由应变软化型转变为应变硬化型。（2）剪切过程波形幅值短时大幅提升，时频和波形图像对比分析表明存在微震信号且其主频率为10~20 Hz，含水率变化并不会影响信号主频；随着含水率的增加，剪切过程信号具有更高峰值振幅，整体释放能量增加，由主震型向群震型演变。研究结果可作为稀土矿发生滑坡破坏时微震信号的判别依据。

关键词: 离子吸附型稀土矿, 土体直剪, 剪切破坏, 微震信号, 浸渗作用, 滑坡灾害

Abstract:

The in-situ leaching process is used to mine ion-adsorption rare earth ore.Due to the infiltration and seepage of leaching solution，it is easy to induce landslide instability，and shear failure is considered to be the main failure mode.In order to study the mechanical properties of shear failure of the orebody landslide，the ion adsorption type rare earth ore was taken as the research object，and the microseismic monitoring technology was used to carry out the direct shear test of the remolded soil sample in the indoor environment.The mechanical properties and microseismic signal characteristics of the specimens under different impregnation state were studied，and the influence of water content on the shear strength of the samples and the change process of shear stress-displacement under different normal stress conditions during the shear failure process were obtained.At the same time，microseismic monitoring and recording equipment was used to collect microseismic signals in the test process of rare earth samples simultaneously.The frequency domain characteristics of the test microseismic data were obtained by fast Fourier transform of the signal based on Python open source software Scipy.The corresponding waveform，time-frequency and spectral images were analyzed to obtain the spectral characteristics of the microseismic signals and the energy distribution characteristics in the frequency domain during the shear process of samples with different water content.The results show that：（1）With the increase of water content，the cohesion of rare earth samples decreases，and the failure characteristics change from plastic failure to viscous failure，and the failure behavior changes from strain softening to strain hardening.For the samples with the same water content，the strain softening characteristics of the samples are more significant with the increase of the consolidation normal stress，and there is an obvious peak strength when the water content is low.（2）The background noise does not affect the results，and the amplitude of the microseismic signal jumped significantly in a short time during the shear process.The comparative analysis of time-frequency and waveform images show that the microseismic signal existes and the main frequency is 10~20 Hz，and the change of water content does not affect the signal main frequency.With the increase of water content，the shear signal has a higher peak amplitude，the overall released energy increases，and the main shock type changes to the group shock type.（3） The signal waveform and spectrum image reflects the rare earth sample shear energy evolution characteristics of upper and lower when the soil relative sliding，including extrusion，rupture，friction，collision between particles and the formation of crack behavior such as the release of the micro size of the strength of the shock wave energy and frequency distribution，microtremor signals as rare earth soil internal activities forward the external manifestations of form.The results can be used as the discriminative basis for the microseismic signal of landslide in ion-adsorption rare earth ore.

Key words: ion-adsorption type rare earth ore, soil direct shear, shear failure, microseismic signal, infiltration, landslide damage

中图分类号: 

  • P694

图1

稀土原矿的颗粒组分及含量"

表1

稀土原矿化学成分"

元素含量元素含量
O36.119Ga0.002
Mg0.157Y0.035
Al11.927La0.039
Si24.981Ce0.04
K2.801Nd0.017
Fe2.810Gd0.015

表2

直剪试样基本特征参数"

含水率/%试样质量/g密度/（g·cm-3）试样干重/g浸润时间
986.6551.44479.521 min 12 s
1793.0151.55079.542 min 24 s
2599.3751.65679.563 min 36 s
33105.7351.76279.584 min 48 s
41112.0951.86879.5106 min

图2

微震采集装置示意图"

图3

手摇直剪装置和传感器布置示意图"

图4

不同竖向固结压力条件下不同含水率w试样的剪应力—位移曲线"

图5

不同含水率试样剪切强度直方图及摩尔抗剪强度包络线"

图6

不同含水率试样黏聚力变化曲线"

图7

对照试验微震信号时域波形及频率分布图"

图8

不同含水率试样剪切摩擦微震信号波形—时频—频域图像"

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