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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 811-822.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.05.020

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

自愿性环境规制对资源型企业高管薪酬的影响研究

郑明贵1,2(),邱均远1(),顾东明1,林玉华1   

  1. 1.江西理工大学矿业发展研究中心,江西 赣州 341000
    2.中国科学技术大学管理学院,安徽 合肥 230026
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-05 修回日期:2023-07-07 出版日期:2023-10-31 发布日期:2023-11-21
  • 通讯作者: 邱均远 E-mail:mgz268@sina.com;serendipity2157@163.com
  • 作者简介:郑明贵(1978-),男,安徽颍上人,教授,博士生导师,从事资源经济与管理研究工作。mgz268@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目“中国战略性矿产资源产业链供应链安全稳定战略研究(2025—2060)”(22XGL003);国家自然科学基金重点项目“大数据环境下的评价理论、方法和应用”(71631006);江西理工大学重大项目培育计划“大数据驱动下国家矿产资源安全战略管理现代化研究”(19ZDPY-08)

Impact of Voluntary Environmental Regulations on Executive Compensation of Resource-based Enterprises in China

Minggui ZHENG1,2(),Junyuan QIU1(),Dongming GU1,Yuhua LIN1   

  1. 1.Research Center of Mining Development, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
    2.School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
  • Received:2023-02-05 Revised:2023-07-07 Online:2023-10-31 Published:2023-11-21
  • Contact: Junyuan QIU E-mail:mgz268@sina.com;serendipity2157@163.com

摘要:

随着自愿性环境规制日趋普遍,其会如何影响企业高管薪酬成为一个重要研究课题。通过构建自愿性环境规制与企业高管薪酬理论模型,选取2011—2020年中国资源型上市企业作为研究样本,对自愿性环境规制与企业高管薪酬的关系进行了实证检验,同时考察了代理成本和经理人市场对自愿性环境规制与高管薪酬关系的权变影响。研究发现:(1)实施自愿性环境规制能够正向影响资源型企业高管薪酬,对于非国有、大规模和年轻企业,实施自愿性环境规制所带来的高管薪酬激励作用更显著;(2)代理成本对自愿性环境规制与高管薪酬的关系起负向调节作用,但经理人市场起正向调节作用。将自愿性环境规制纳入高管薪酬的研究范畴是对高管薪酬领域研究的丰富和拓展,为降低代理成本,推动经理人市场发展提供了经验证据。

关键词: 自愿性环境规制, 高管薪酬, 代理成本, 经理人市场, 资源型企业

Abstract:

With the increasing popularity of voluntary environmental regulation,how it will affect executive compensation in enterprises has become an important research topic.A theoretical model of voluntary environmental regulations and executive compensation was constructed,it selected Chinese resource-based listed enterprises from 2011 to 2020 as research samples,and empirically examined the relationship between voluntary environmental regulations and executive compensation.It also investigated the moderating effects of agency costs and the managerial labor market on the relationship between voluntary environmental regulations and executive compensation.The study findings are as follows:(1)The implementation of voluntary environ-mental regulations has a positive impact on executive compensation in resource-based enterprises,and the incentive effect of voluntary environmental regulations on executive compensation is more significant for non-state-owned,large-scale,and young enterprises.(2)Agency costs have a negative moderating effect on the relationship between voluntary environmental regulations and executive compensation,while the managerial labor market has a positive moderating effect.By incorporating voluntary environmental regulations into the study of executive compensation,this article enriches and expands the research in the field of executive compensation and provides empirical evidence for reducing agency costs and promoting the development of the managerial labor market.

Key words: voluntary environmental regulations, executive compensation, agency costs, managerial labor market, resource-based enterprises

中图分类号: 

  • F272

图1

自愿性环境规制与高管薪酬的理论模型"

表1

资源型行业代码及名称"

代码名称代码名称
B06煤炭开采和洗选业C25石油加工及炼焦业
B07石油和天然气开采业C26化学原料和化学制品制造业
B08黑色金属矿采选业C30非金属矿物制品业
B09有色金属矿采选业C31黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业
B10非金属矿采选业C32有色金属冶炼和压延加工业
D44电力和热力生产供应业C33金属制品业

表2

变量定义"

变量名称符号变量类型度量
高管薪酬lnGGXC被解释变量前3名高管薪酬总额的自然对数
自愿性环境规制ISO14001解释变量通过环境管理体系认证为1,否则为0
代理成本ATO调节变量总资产周转率
经理人市场Market调节变量樊纲市场化指数总得分
企业规模Size控制变量公司总资产取自然对数
资产负债率Lev控制变量总负债/总资产
企业绩效ROA控制变量净利润/总资产平均余额
现金流比率Cashflow控制变量经营活动现金流净额/总资产
董事人数Board控制变量董事会人数取自然对数
独立董事比例Indep控制变量独立董事人数除以董事人数
两职合一Dual控制变量董事长与总经理是同一人赋值为1,否则为0
账面市值比BM控制变量账面价值/总市值
托宾Q值TobinQ控制变量(流通股市值+非流通股股份数×每股净资产+负债账面值)/总资产
是否国有企业SOE控制变量国有企业为1,否则为0
公司年龄Firmage控制变量企业成立年限取自然对数
第一大股东持股比例Top1控制变量第一大股东持股数/期末总股数
管理层持股比例Mshare控制变量管理层持股数/总股本
行业虚拟变量Ind控制变量根据证监会行业分类标准,设置11个虚拟变量
年份虚拟变量Year控制变量样本区间为10年,设置9个虚拟变量

表3

主要变量描述性统计"

变量样本数/个均值标准差最小值最大值
lnGGXC4 47914.3500.66112.76016.320
ISO140014 4790.2570.43701.000
ATO4 4790.7140.5330.0087.871
Market4 4797.7851.9872.87010.990
Size4 47922.4601.43320.16026.420
Lev4 4790.4460.2050.0590.913
ROA4 4790.0400.055-0.1560.210
Cashflow4 4790.0580.064-0.1200.241
Board4 4782.1600.2071.6092.708
Indep4 4780.3700.0500.3330.556
Dual4 4330.2160.41201.000
BM4 4791.2711.3140.1217.090
TobinQ4 3861.7380.9230.8376.002
SOE4 4790.4510.49801.000
FirmAge4 4792.8550.3271.7923.466
Top14 4790.3640.1510.1000.794
Mshare4 3270.1270.20100.672

表4

主要变量相关系数"

变量lnGGXCISO14001ATOMarketSizeLevROACashflow
lnGGXC1
ISO140010.096***1
ATO0.034**0.066***1
Market0.285***0.080***0.086***1
Size0.340***0.004-0.056***-0.127***1
Lev-0.020-0.037**-0.039***-0.230***0.523***1
ROA0.299***0.027*0.149***0.191***-0.102***-0.456***1
Cashflow0.238***0.031**0.062***0.086***0.149***-0.068***0.374***1
BM0.087***-0.036**-0.088***-0.172***0.690***0.582***-0.280***0.017
TobinQ-0.083***-0.0160.0200.070***-0.488***-0.293***0.135***0.009
FirmAge0.217***-0.027*-0.0230.036**0.181***0.153***-0.048***0.122***
SOE-0.060***-0.046***-0.021-0.346***0.474***0.392***-0.233***0.068***
Top1-0.043***-0.0240.044***-0.066***0.320***0.133***0.0090.084***
Mshare-0.075***0.032**0.0230.274***-0.428***-0.377***0.240***-0.082***
Dual-0.034**-0.0070.0050.204***-0.243***-0.142***0.061***-0.050***
Indep-0.0140.005-0.027*0.039***-0.022-0.027*-0.022-0.012
Board0.053***-0.032**-0.006-0.175***0.349***0.264***-0.073***0.047***
变量BMTobinQFirmAgeSOETop1MshareDualIndep
BM1
TobinQ-0.502***1
FirmAge0.191***-0.0081
SOE0.422***-0.206***0.214***1
Top10.203***-0.200***-0.099***0.282***1
Mshare-0.318***0.084***-0.274***-0.547***-0.139***1
Dual-0.151***0.082***-0.080***-0.307***-0.069***0.231***1
Indep-0.0110.069***0.037**-0.031**0.031**0.035**0.080***1
Board0.260***-0.177***0.0200.304***0.064***-0.223***-0.149***-0.492***

表5

回归结果"

变量基准模型调节效应模型
(1)(2)(3)(4)
lnGGXClnGGXCATOMarket
ATO

0.075***

(4.12)

ISO14001×ATO

-0.132***

(-3.42)

Market

0.059***

(11.26)

ISO14001×Market

0.025***

(2.88)

Size

0.284***

(29.27)

0.293***

(27.30)

0.296***

(27.70)

0.277***

(26.53)

Lev

-0.211***

(-3.65)

-0.145**

(-2.52)

-0.148**

(-2.57)

-0.092

(-1.62)

ROA

2.773***

(13.42)

2.397***

(11.57)

2.317***

(11.14)

2.397***

(11.84)

Cashflow

0.676***

(4.38)

0.513***

(3.31)

0.490***

(3.17)

0.436***

(2.86)

BM

-0.071***

(-7.47)

-0.084***

(-8.04)

-0.085***

(-8.06)

-0.071***

(-6.99)

TobinQ

0.015

(1.36)

0.049***

(4.25)

0.050***

(4.41)

0.041***

(3.70)

FirmAge

0.359***

(1.36)

0.236***

(7.92)

0.239***

(8.01)

0.227***

(7.78)

SOE

-0.292***

(-11.99)

-0.226***

(-9.15)

-0.226***

(-9.16)

-0.172***

(-6.92)

Top1

-0.555***

(-8.63)

-0.417***

(-6.43)

-0.414***

(-6.38)

-0.450***

(-6.95)

Mshare

-0.119**

(-2.11)

-0.151***

(-2.75)

-0.144***

(-2.64)

-0.230***

(-4.30)

Dual

0.028

(1.33)

0.022

(1.08)

0.024

(1.17)

-0.013

(-0.62)

Indep

-0.337*

(-1.81)

-0.359**

(-1.96)

-0.365**

(-2.00)

-0.280

(-1.56)

Board

-0.114**

(-2.31)

-0.032

(-0.65)

-0.032

(-0.65)

0.010

(0.21)

Constant

7.638***

(31.42)

7.228***

(26.08)

7.098***

(25.65)

7.118***

(26.38)

Observations4,1934,1934,1934,193
R20.3460.3920.3940.420
年份效应不控制控制控制控制
行业效应不控制控制控制控制

表6

稳健性检验"

变量高管薪酬总和对数更换数据董监高均值对数
(1)(2)(3)
lnGGXClnGGXClnMean
ISO14001

0.112***

(5.93)

0.001***

(3.77)

0.101***

(5.41)

ISO14001×ATO

0.001***

(-3.42)

-0.023***

(-2.27)

0.003***

(-2.97)

ISO14001×Market

0.004***

(2.88)

0.106**

(1.62)

0.005***

(2.82)

Constant

6.479***

(21.15)

7.080***

(18.01)

6.487***

(21.71)

Observations4 1932 0234 193
R20.3750.3940.399
控制变量控制控制控制
年份效应控制控制控制
行业效应控制控制控制

表7

PSM的平均处理效应"

因变量样本处理组控制组ATT标准差t
最近邻匹配lnGGXC匹配前14.46214.3130.1490.0236.39***
lnGGXC匹配后14.46214.3640.1160.0323.58***
半径匹配(0.05)lnGGXC匹配前14.46214.3130.1490.0236.39***
lnGGXC匹配后14.46214.3290.1330.0235.67***
核匹配lnGGXC匹配前14.46214.3130.1490.0236.39***
lnGGXC匹配后14.46214.3310.1320.0235.62***

表8

异质性检验"

变量产权性质企业规模企业成熟度
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
国有企业非国有企业小规模企业大规模企业成熟企业年轻企业
ISO14001

0.027

(1.01)

0.136***

(5.30)

0.047

(1.54)

0.140***

(5.98)

0.092***

(4.63)

0.138*

(1.94)

Constant

7.662***

(21.11)

5.742***

(11.93)

6.677***

(15.34)

6.069***

(11.84)

7.108***

(24.41)

6.058***

(3.19)

Observations1 8392 3541 7862 4073 963230
R20.4600.3820.4150.3290.3930.362
控制变量控制控制控制控制控制控制
年份效应控制控制控制控制控制控制
行业效应控制控制控制控制控制控制
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