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黄金科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 13-30.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.01.142

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

南秦岭镇安西部钨钼矿集区成矿物质来源研究

韩珂1(),杨兴科2   

  1. 1.中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西 西安 710077
    2.长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-10 修回日期:2023-11-20 出版日期:2024-02-29 发布日期:2024-03-22
  • 作者简介:韩珂(1990-),男,陕西礼泉人,博士,助理研究员,从事矿田构造和煤矿地质研究工作。hanke@cctegxian.com
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省地勘基金成果集成项目“陕西秦岭成矿带金矿成矿规律与找矿预测”(61201506280)

Study on the Ore-forming Materials Source of the Western Zhen’an W-Mo Ore Concentration Area in Southern Qinling Moutains

Ke HAN1(),Xingke YANG2   

  1. 1.CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute(Group) Co. , Ltd. , Xi’an 710077, Shaanxi, China
    2.School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2023-10-10 Revised:2023-11-20 Online:2024-02-29 Published:2024-03-22

摘要:

为了查明南秦岭镇安西部大型钨钼多金属矿集区成矿物质来源,在矿床基础地质研究的基础上,运用岩石地球化学、硫化物单矿物硫同位素地球化学和锆石U-Pb同位素、辉钼矿Re-Os同位素地球化学等方法,对复式中酸性侵入体与钨钼成矿的时空关系和成因联系进行深入研究。结果表明:懒板凳岩体田湾单元、王家坪隐伏岩体和花岗细晶岩脉富集Si元素,且Mg#值和稀土总量较低,稀土元素配分曲线呈明显的四分组效应并具有强负Eu异常,岩浆分异结晶程度高;懒板凳岩体九间屋单元和王家坪隐伏岩体锆石U-Pb同位素年龄分别为(222.7±2.6)Ma和(201.6±4.7)Ma,棋盘沟钨矿床和江口钼矿床中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素模式年龄分别为(199.7±3.9)Ma和(198.7±3.9)Ma;钨钼矿床中硫化物单矿物δ34S值为3.6‰~10.2‰,推测成矿物质来源于复式岩体晚阶段形成于190~200 Ma之间的高分异演化酸性侵入体。

关键词: 钨钼矿集区, 成矿物质来源, 复式岩体, 镇安西部, 南秦岭

Abstract:

The large tungsten-molybdenum polymetallic ore concentration area in the western of Zhen’an,Shaanxi Province is located in the north of the southern Qinling tectonic belt,where faults,joints and complex intermediate-acid intrusions are closely related to skarn type and quartz vein type tungsten-molybdenum mineralization.Although certain exploration and research achievements have been made in the study area,it is still unclear which period of magmatic activity in the complex massif is related to mineralization.That is,the source of ore-forming materials is still unclear,which restricts the further exploration and prospecting.On the basis of the basic geological study of the deposit,related magmatic rock samples were collected for geochemical testing and zircon U-Pb isotope dating,sulfide mineral for sulfur isotope analysis,and molybdenite for Re-Os isotope dating.Based on the spatio-temporal relationship between complex massif and tungsten-molybdenum mineralization,it is considered that the Tianwan unit of Lanbandeng rock mass,Wangjiaping concealed rock mass and granitic fine-grained dike are rich in SiO2,and the Mg# and the total REE content are low.The REE distribution curve shows obvious tetrad effect with strong negative Eu anomaly,and the magmatic differentiation crystallization degree is high.Zircon U-Pb isotope ages of Jiujianwu unit of Lanbandeng rock mass and Wangjiaping concealed rock mass are (222.7±2.6)Ma and (201.6±4.7)Ma,respectively. The Re-Os isotope model ages of molybdenite in Qipangou tungsten deposit and Jiangkou molybdenum deposit are (199.7±3.9)Ma and (198.7±3.9)Ma,respectively. The sulfide mineral δ34S of tungstan-molybdenum deposit ranges from 3.6‰ to 10.2‰.The source of ore-forming materials should be the acid intrusion formed in late stage between 190 Ma and 200 Ma,which is represented by Tianwan unit of Lanbandeng rock mass,Wangjiaping concealed rock mass and granitic dike.

Key words: tungsten-molybdenum ore concentration area, ore-forming material source, complex rock mass, western area of Zhen’an, southern Qinling

中图分类号: 

  • P618.2

图1

镇安西部钨钼多金属矿集区矿产地质图(修改自杨兴科等,2018)1.第四系全新统冲积层(Qhal);2.四峡口组(C2s);3.九里坪组(D3-C1j);4.星红铺组(D3x);5.古道岭组(D2-3g);6.大枫沟组(D2d);7.牛耳川组(D2n);8.石家沟组(D2sh);9.公馆组(D1g);10.梅子垭组(S1-2m);11.斑鸠关组(О3-S1-2b);12.两岔口组(O2-3l);13.白龙洞组(О1-2bl);14.石瓮子组(∈1-O1-2s);15.水沟口组(∈1sg);16.灯影组(Z2dy);17.陡山沱组(Z1d);18.耀岭河岩群(Pt3Y);19.陡岭岩群(Pt1D);20.响潭沟变质酸性杂岩;21.小磨岭火山杂岩;22.胭脂坝岩体鹰咀石单元,似斑状中—粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩;23.胭脂坝/懒板凳岩体田湾单元,中—细粒黑云母二长花岗岩;24.懒板凳岩体小水河单元,细粒黑云母二长花岗岩;25.懒板凳岩体九间屋单元,似斑状中—粗粒黑云二长花岗岩;26.东江口岩体小川街单元,中—细粒黑云角闪石英二长岩;27.东江口岩体六里街单元,似斑状中—粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩;28.花岗伟晶岩脉;29.花岗细晶岩脉;30.伟晶岩脉;31.石英脉;32.闪长岩脉;33.角岩化带;34.矽卡岩化带;35.断层;36.韧性剪切带;37.钨/钼矿;38.钒/铜矿;39.金/铁矿;40.银/镍矿;41.铅锌/锡矿;42.岩浆岩采样位置;43.钨钼矿石采样位置;44.王家坪隐伏岩体位置;F1-山阳—凤镇断裂;F2-小川街—梅花店断裂;F3-三官庙—鱼洞峡断裂;F4-镇安—板岩镇断裂;F5-仁河口—公馆断裂;F6-太山庙—丝铺推覆断裂;F7-江口断裂;F8-旬阳坝—五间房断裂;F9-长坪—胭脂坝断裂;F10-六里街断裂;F11-黄金美断裂;F12-东川河断裂;F13-杨沟断裂;F14-小磨岭断裂;F15-杨木沟断裂"

图2

镇安西部钨钼矿集区构造—蚀变—矿化特征①-含钨矿硅化大理岩;②-稠密浸染状钨矿化矽卡岩;③-灰色结晶大理岩;④-浸染状钨矿化矽卡岩;⑤-钨矿化石英脉;⑥-稀疏浸染状钨矿化矽卡岩;⑦-黄褐色氧化带;Qtz-石英;Bt-黑云母;Mot-辉钼矿;Py-黄铁矿;Sch-白钨矿;Di-透辉石;Pl-斜长石;Ms-白云母;Sk-矽卡岩"

图3

杨沟—地耳沟钨钼矿区地质简图1.第四系残坡积物及河流冲积物;2.下寒武—中奥陶统石瓮子组(∈1-O1-2s);3.钼矿(化)石英脉;4.钨矿(化)石英脉;5.产状;6.勘探线;7.见矿钻孔;8.坑道"

表1

镇安西部矿集区岩浆岩主量成分分析结果"

岩石类型样品编号SiO2TiO2Al2O3MnOMgOCaONa2OK2OP2O5TFe2O3LOITotal
懒板凳中—粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩DY-172.630.1613.860.060.261.403.624.720.051.361.3799.48
DY-272.470.1814.090.060.271.333.644.840.051.461.1599.54
DY-372.390.1814.260.070.281.313.694.780.051.661.0199.68
DY-472.970.2313.900.060.441.393.504.710.061.800.4399.49
DY-573.180.2213.900.070.371.413.604.500.061.770.4899.55
DY-674.250.1213.630.100.301.083.664.580.031.530.2899.55
DY-774.300.1913.500.060.631.323.514.690.041.640.60100.48
懒板凳中—细粒黑云母二长花岗岩DY-874.340.0414.190.100.060.604.684.140.011.000.3799.52
DY-974.080.0514.260.080.110.263.625.570.010.830.6599.52
PM9-174.690.0913.660.030.091.143.594.510.020.780.9699.56
PM9-374.050.1714.080.040.260.943.325.380.041.390.48100.15
四海坪中—细粒黑云母二长花岗岩G10171.470.3014.760.050.431.603.724.370.091.930.3999.11
G10372.090.2914.810.040.421.593.714.300.081.880.3499.55
王家坪隐伏中—细粒黑云母二长花岗岩WJP-172.750.1213.930.060.181.084.104.200.051.010.9298.40
WJP-373.710.1714.410.090.281.104.123.980.061.390.6399.94
WJP-472.520.0515.170.020.080.663.486.640.060.670.5799.92
56ZK01-873.210.1414.440.050.201.224.144.210.041.050.9899.68
56ZK01-1073.070.1513.920.050.181.114.014.310.050.981.2499.07
隐伏岩体中花岗细晶岩脉56ZK01-1275.470.0714.410.090.100.724.663.960.020.760.62100.88
56ZK01-1376.020.0414.240.050.080.474.961.640.020.431.3299.27
56ZK01-1472.540.0314.920.070.060.724.285.280.020.340.9499.20
ZK501-478.530.0412.590.040.180.354.941.150.020.661.1899.68
ZK501-573.250.0514.710.050.061.555.821.030.010.692.0299.24
ZK501-675.900.0413.720.110.061.205.601.280.010.401.77100.09

表2

镇安西部矿集区岩浆岩稀土微量元素分析结果"

岩石类型样品编号LaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTm
懒板凳中—粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩DY-135.5170.507.7628.515.660.714.890.723.630.551.420.21
DY-234.0468.647.8428.485.680.624.840.763.780.591.560.26
DY-331.1362.106.9325.025.110.604.500.693.550.561.530.24
DY-433.3266.837.5327.865.710.654.910.804.290.741.960.31
DY-531.1064.727.3726.915.420.584.740.804.490.731.990.32
DY-628.6157.706.8025.436.110.525.591.076.591.223.580.62
DY-727.3056.406.6424.785.860.585.471.086.771.283.880.70
懒板凳中—细粒黑云母二长花岗岩DY-86.6916.502.3510.304.080.123.330.846.121.133.340.72
DY-99.6621.703.2113.805.120.213.921.016.451.123.200.67
PM9-17.6316.602.058.342.450.342.430.483.300.751.710.32
PM9-36.0013.611.848.092.640.352.940.634.320.922.290.42
四海坪中—细粒黑云母二长花岗岩G10131.1060.947.3227.214.950.864.640.633.740.721.840.33
G10328.3655.756.7225.544.800.794.260.663.800.711.720.30
王家坪隐伏中—细粒黑云母二长花岗岩WJP-19.4221.152.7911.263.940.484.651.006.621.314.030.59
WJP-311.8925.043.2013.023.980.484.020.845.541.113.360.50
WJP-45.2613.442.1310.475.240.266.721.268.771.724.880.78
56ZK01-810.3621.552.6911.342.590.392.970.543.230.651.570.29
56ZK01-1010.5522.962.8312.453.620.424.260.845.471.102.830.55
隐伏岩体中花岗细晶岩脉56ZK01-128.4524.094.0020.9810.310.1613.213.0321.294.2311.142.10
56ZK01-134.1711.091.677.703.330.063.270.714.530.812.170.40
56ZK01-142.786.481.025.122.700.123.430.96.111.163.150.64
ZK501-44.1911.271.757.843.500.063.620.784.930.822.140.47
ZK501-58.9723.913.6216.797.220.076.011.196.761.092.560.51
ZK501-64.9212.771.978.43.610.063.450.713.960.772.040.45

图4

镇安西部钨钼矿集区主要岩体稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图注:稀土元素标准化值据McDonough(1989);原始地幔标准化值据McDonough et al.(1995)"

表3

懒板凳九间屋单元、王家坪隐伏岩体和花岗细晶岩脉锆石U-Pb同位素测年数据"

点号Z1(中—粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩)测年数据
Th(×10-6U/(×10-6Th/U比值207Pb/235U比值1σ206Pb/238U比值1σ207Pb/235U年龄/Ma1σ206Pb/238U年龄/Ma1σ
11 7203 7830.450.252350.004980.034770.0004322842203
21 7742 4750.680.238460.005230.034810.0005221742213
32 7144 4170.600.248750.005200.034740.0005222642203
41 6052 6180.610.249820.006350.035990.0004222652283
51 3753 3820.410.246840.005840.035610.0004922452263
61 2992 1210.600.241990.006630.034410.0004822052183
72 0633 1490.650.250700.005760.034710.0004622752203
81 1082 3140.470.242050.006210.035580.0005522052253
92 0722 6940.770.244920.006330.035580.0005722252254
101 5562 4250.630.230490.006120.034530.0006021152194
112 1413 2440.650.246270.005880.034780.0008322452205
121 8532 8560.630.253150.005540.035910.0005022942273
点号Z2(中—细粒黑云母二长花岗岩)测年数据
Th(×10-6U/(×10-6Th/U比值207Pb/235U比值1σ206Pb/238U比值1σ207Pb/235U年龄/Ma1σ206Pb/238U年龄/Ma1σ
16941 2780.520.218040.007600.031050.0007120061974
24251 5730.250.232760.008190.031620.0006921272014
37053 6400.200.235650.007010.031540.0008821562006
43151 5490.180.245680.008970.032540.0006222372064
55929410.540.227700.009860.030900.0012220881968
64961 0450.420.232210.011500.032160.0006421292044
72155200.350.237580.013620.031920.00067216112034
83595970.420.207680.017380.031990.002291921520314
94521 1390.350.225630.010470.031920.0006620792034
107941 3010.580.243990.011890.031710.00062222102014
115431 5120.340.250670.010510.032520.0006422792064
126381 6230.400.223690.011440.031350.00184205919912
131 4836 7520.240.239490.010250.032230.0009821882056
144199420.580.203940.030650.031820.001981882620212
点号Z3(花岗细晶岩脉)测年数据
Th(×10-6U/(×10-6Th/U比值207Pb/235U比值1σ206Pb/238U比值1σ207Pb/235U年龄/Ma1σ206Pb/238U年龄/Ma1σ
11 36510 5040.130.253590.009740.033100.0005922982104
29 03511 9430.760.226890.009490.030750.0010220881956
31 0858 2120.130.233070.007110.030760.0004721361953
46378 3910.080.235340.007200.034560.0005021562193
55545 9100.090.246450.007420.033820.0005922462144
61 3837 6100.180.238760.008500.032870.0005521772093
75327 8510.070.227770.008080.033920.0005420872153
82 1576 4720.330.219200.007610.031740.0006720162014
91 73310 9620.160.251860.009360.033570.0006422882134
103 6977 2350.510.245470.008390.032910.0005322372093
111 84810 4590.180.248410.007290.033180.0005122562103
126786 7460.100.239980.009060.033620.0007221872135
132 4619 0450.270.214870.007270.031100.0006119861974
141 1046 3660.170.251120.008540.033550.0006022772134

图5

懒板凳岩体九间屋单元(a)、王家坪隐伏岩体(b)和花岗细晶岩脉(c)单颗粒锆石阴极发光图像"

图6

懒板凳岩体九间屋单元(a)、王家坪隐伏岩体(b)和花岗细晶岩脉(c)锆石U-Pb谐和图及花岗细晶岩脉锆石稀土元素配分曲线图(d)注:稀土元素标准化值据McDonough(1989);岩浆和热液锆石稀土元素数据据Hoskin(2005)"

表4

镇安西部矿集区钨钼矿床S同位素组成"

矿区样品编号样品名称矿物δ34S/‰
棋盘沟QP-1含矿石英脉黄铁矿10.0
QP-2含矿石英脉黄铁矿10.2
QP-3含矿石英脉黄铁矿8.8
月河坪D190830含矿矽卡岩辉钼矿6.1
桂林沟D190814-1含矿伟晶岩辉钼矿4.0
D190814-2含矿石英脉辉钼矿3.6
D190814-3含矿石英脉辉钼矿4.3
大西沟D190819含矿花岗斑岩辉钼矿0.1
杨沟—地耳沟LPD1ZK06含矿石英脉辉钼矿7.1

图7

镇安西部矿集区钨钼矿床S同位素组成特征(底图据Hoefs,2009)1.含矿花岗斑岩;2.石英脉型矿化;3.矽卡岩型矿化;4.伟晶岩型矿化"

表5

辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年结果"

样品编号样重/gRe/(×10-9Os/(×10-9Re187/(×10-9Os187/(×10-9模式年龄/Ma
测定值不确定度测定值不确定度测定值不确定度测定值不确定度测定值不确定度
QP-020.00531187 6301 1913.1810.355117 929749393.06.1199.73.9
JK-010.0052117 0571080.28920.0323107216835.550.56198.73.9

图8

镇安西部钨钼矿集区岩体年龄和钨钼成矿年龄对比"

图9

杨沟—地耳沟钨钼矿区深部隐伏成矿岩体示意图1.第四系残坡积物;2.大理岩;3.白云质大理岩;4.萤石矿化;5.辉钼矿(化)体;6.白钨矿(化)体;7.石英脉;8.隐伏黑云母二长花岗岩体;9.长石石英伟晶岩脉;10.产状"

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