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黄金科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 220-240.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.02.124

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

滇西古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩成岩成矿作用及构造意义

全海辉1(),柴鹏1(),袁玲玲1,焦守涛2   

  1. 1.中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京 100037
    2.中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心,北京 100055
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-05 修回日期:2024-03-04 出版日期:2024-04-30 发布日期:2024-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 柴鹏 E-mail:jennyq0429@163.com;cx001chaipeng@163.com
  • 作者简介:全海辉(2000-),男,广西桂林人,硕士研究生,从事铜金矿勘查研究工作。jennyq0429@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目专题“青藏高原典型地区深部新老地壳物质架构示踪方法”(2019YFA0708602);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目“深地实验室重点攻关项目”(JKYZD202312);国家自然科学基金项目“吉林延吉地区闹枝中硫化型浅成低温热液金—多金属矿床成矿过程精细刻画”(41973045)

Petrogenesis Mineralization and Tectonic Implications of Paleoproterozoic Potassic-Ultrapotassic Magmatic Rocks in Western Yunnan

Haihui QUAN1(),Peng CHAI1(),Lingling YUAN1,Shoutao JIAO2   

  1. 1.Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
    2.Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Command Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100055, China
  • Received:2023-09-05 Revised:2024-03-04 Online:2024-04-30 Published:2024-05-21
  • Contact: Peng CHAI E-mail:jennyq0429@163.com;cx001chaipeng@163.com

摘要:

滇西地区广泛发育古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩,形成沿金沙江—哀牢山断裂带富碱岩浆岩带,因缺乏对该钾质—超钾质岩浆岩带的系统研究,岩石成因及其与成矿之间的关系尚存在诸多争论。通过收集该富碱岩浆岩带已发表的全岩主微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素、锆石Hf同位素及年代学数据,根据构造位置,将该岩带划分为南、中、北岩带3个部分。通过系统对比分析得出:滇西古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩成岩年龄基本一致,峰值为35 Ma,为同一期构造热事件的产物;基性—超基性和中酸性岩类具有不同成因,前者富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),高(87Sr/86Sr) i 比值,低εNdt)值,可能来源于板片交代的富集岩石圈地幔,后者具有较高的SiO2含量,可能为壳幔混合的产物;基性—超基性和中酸性岩类的形成均与金沙江—哀牢山断裂的剪切走滑和拉伸作用相关,是同一构造热事件下岩石圈不同深度部分熔融的产物;南中岩带钾质—超钾质岩浆岩与斑岩型金—(铜—钼)矿床关系密切,其岩浆形成过程可能为成矿提供了高氧逸度和含水量的有利条件,以及成矿物质和成矿流体。

关键词: 滇西, 钾质—超钾质岩, 岩石成因, 成矿作用, 新生下地壳, 新生代

Abstract:

The Paleoproterozoic potassic-ultrapotassic magmatic rocks are widely developed in western Yunnan,forming an alkali-rich magmatic rock belt along the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan fracture zone.Due to the lack of systematic research on these potassic-ultrapotassic magmatic rocks,there are still many debates on the petrogenesis and their relationship with mineralization.In this paper,through the collection of published whole-rock major and trace element,Sr-Nd isotope,zircon Hf isotope and geochronology data of the whole rock in the alkali-rich magmatic belt,the rock belt is divided into three parts,namely,south,central and north rock belts according to the tectonic position.Through systematic comparative analysis,it is concluded that the diagenetic age of Paleoproterozoic potassic-ultrapotassic rock formation in western Yunnan is basically the same,with a peak value of 35 Ma,which is the product of the same period of tectonic thermal events.The basic-ultramafic and intermediate-acid rocks have different genesis.The former enriched in LILEs,deficit HFSEs,high (87Sr/86Sr) i,and low εNdt) values,probably originating from a slab-accounted enriched lithospheric mantle.The latter may be the product of crust-mantle mixing due to its higher SiO2 content.The formation of both is related to the shear slip and tensile action of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan fault,which is the product of partial melting of the lithosphere at different depths under the same tectonic thermal event.The potassic-ultrapotassic rocks of the southern and central rock belts are closely related to porphyry Au-(Cu-Mo) deposits.The magmatic formation process may provide favorable conditions for mineralization with high oxygen fugacity and water content,as well as ore-forming materials and ore-forming fluids.

Key words: western Yunnan, potassic-ultrapotassic magmatic rocks, petrogenesis, mineralization, Junior lower crust, Cenozoic

中图分类号: 

  • P611

图1

金沙江—哀牢山断裂带古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩分布图(a)三江地区构造格架简图(修改自李勇等,2011);(b)扬子克拉通西部和思茅地块构造格架图(修改自Huang et al.,2010;武精凯等,2019;Xu et al.,2023); 1.新生代镁铁质熔岩;2.新生代中酸性侵入岩;3.新生代煌斑岩;4.片麻岩;5.火山岩;6.断裂;7.典型矿床;8.城市"

图2

滇西地区古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩年龄统计分布图(年龄数据见附表1)"

表1

滇西地区古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩数据统计"

数据类型数据量/组
中岩带南岩带合计
年龄563086
主微量452407859
Sr-Nd同位素106110216
Lu-Hf同位素402160562
Pb同位素352560
S同位素163753

图3

滇西地区古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩Harker图解(数据来源见附表1)"

图4

滇西地区古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩硅—碱图(底图据Le Maitre,2002;数据来源见附表1)"

图5

滇西地区古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩硅—钾图(底图据Rickwood,1989;数据来源见附表1)"

图6

滇西地区古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩钾—钠图(底图据Le Maitre,2002;数据来源见附表1)"

图7

滇西地区古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩LREE/HREE与La/Yb比值图解(数据来源见附表1)"

图8

滇西地区古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩(87Sr/86Sr) i -εNd(t)图解(底图据Lu et al.,2013a;数据来源见附表1)"

图9

滇西地区古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩单颗锆石年龄与εHf(t)分布图(数据来源见附表1)"

图10

滇西古近纪矿石与不含矿岩石样品Pb同位素及S同位素图解(a)207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb图解;(b)208Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb图解;(c)不同矿床S同位素组成图解;(d)不同矿床矿石黄铁矿S同位素直方图[Pb和S数据点来源见附表1;滇西钾质火山岩引自He et al.,2016;地幔源区储库见Zindler et al.,1986;北半球参考线(NHRL)数据见Hart,1984;大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)数据见Guo et al.,2005;S同位素花岗岩数据见Hoefs,1997;其他端元数据见Seal,2006]"

图11

滇西地区古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩成岩—成矿模式图(修改自Lu et al.,2013a;Xin et al.,2019;Xu et al.,2021)"

附表1

滇西地区古近纪钾质—超钾质岩浆岩数据来源列表"

序号数据类型数据来源
1年龄2、3、5、10、12、13、15~19、21、26、29、36、40、42、44、47、50、53、58、63、67
2主微量1~7、9~32、34~36、38~50、52~54、56~64、66~70
3稀土元素1~7、9、10、12~27、29~31、34~36、38~50、53、54、56~64、66~70
4Nd2、5、7、10、13~17、19、22、24~26、30、34、36、39、43、47、48、57、67、70
5Hf2、3、7、9、15、16、19、21、25、29、63、67、68
6Pb2、7、11、17、26、45、51、55、57
7S8、11、26、32、33、37、38、65
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