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黄金科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 437-444.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.03.100

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

镍渣—全尾砂混合骨料配比试验研究

张涛1,2,3(),李德贤1,2,3,张鹏强1,2,3,赵国亮1,2,3,何宇1,2,3,牛猛3,俞军真1,2,3   

  1. 1.镍钴共伴生资源开发综合利用全国重点实验室,甘肃 金昌 737100
    2.金川镍钴研究设计院,甘肃 金昌 737100
    3.金川集团股份有限公司,甘肃 金昌 737100
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-20 修回日期:2024-01-04 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-05
  • 作者简介:张涛(1990-),男,甘肃兰州人,工程师,从事采矿充填技术研究工作。651727568@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    镍钴资源综合利用国家重点实验室基金项目“镍渣在金川矿山膏体充填中的应用研究”(KY-YJ-05-2022);国家自然科学基金重点项目“细尾砂深度浓密中双屈服应力的变化机理及耦合效应”(52304121)

Experimental Study on the Ratio Proportioning of Nickel Slag-Full Tailings Mixed Aggregate

Tao ZHANG1,2,3(),Dexian LI1,2,3,Pengqiang ZHANG1,2,3,Guoliang ZHAO1,2,3,Yu HE1,2,3,Meng NIU3,Junzhen YU1,2,3   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Nikel and Cobalt Associated Mineral Resources Development and Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchang 737100, Gansu, China
    2.Jinchuan Nickel-Cobalt Research and Design Institute, Jinchang 737100, Gansu, China
    3.Jinchuan Group Co. , Ltd. , Jinchang 737100, Gansu, China
  • Received:2023-07-20 Revised:2024-01-04 Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-05

摘要:

为实现固废循环利用,降低尾砂和镍渣的固废堆存,开展了镍渣—全尾砂混合骨料配比试验。通过扫描电镜和X射线荧光光谱测定(XRF)方法分析了镍渣和全尾砂的粒级分布和化学成分,利用骨料堆积密实度理论确定了镍渣—尾砂的配比优化范围为4∶6、5∶5和6∶4;考虑料浆的流动性、和易性及充填体强度,最终推荐镍渣—全尾砂的最优配合比为5∶5,料浆的质量浓度为77%~79%,水泥添加量为310 kg/m3;针对镍渣—全尾砂充填,镍渣利用量最高不超过50%,最大质量浓度为79%,对应的剪切应力为112.634 Pa,黏度为0.938 Pa·s。

关键词: 镍渣, 全尾砂, 配比, 固废资源化, 充填骨料, 金川铜镍矿

Abstract:

The national sustainable development strategy attaches great importance to ecological and environmental protection issues,and the construction of green mines has become an inevitable trend in the development of mining industry.Solid waste filling is an effective measure to achieve green mines.In order to achieve the recycling of solid waste and reduce the solid waste storage of tailings and nickel slag,the mixed aggregate ratio test of nickel slag-full tailings was carried out to provide technical support for the industrial verification of nickel slag full tailings full solid waste filling.In order to study the optimal mix ratio of nickel slag-tailings paste slurry,the particle size distribution and chemical composition of nickel slag-tailings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRF) and other test methods,and the optimal nickel slag-tailings ratio range of 4∶6,5∶5,6∶4 was determined by the aggregate packing density theory.Considering the fluidity,workability and backfill strength of slurry,the optimal mix ratio of nickel slag-total tailings is finally recommended as 5∶5,the mass concentration of slurry is 79%~81%,and the reasonable cement content is 310 kg/m3.For nickel slag-total tailings pumping filling in Jinchuan mine,the maximum utilization of nickel slags is not more than 50%,the maximum mass concentration of nickel slags can be pumped and filled is 81%,the corresponding shear stress is 112.634 Pa,and the viscosity is 0.938 Pa·s.

Key words: nickel slag, full tailings, proportioning, solid waste recycling, filling aggregate, Jinchuan copper-nickel mine

中图分类号: 

  • TU45

表1

充填集料物理参数"

材料类型

表观密度

/(g·cm-3

堆积密度

/(g·cm-3

堆积密实度孔隙率/%
镍渣3 7451 7800.4852
全尾砂2 7941 4750.5347

表2

镍渣化学成分分析结果"

成分含量成分含量
Ni0.21CaO3.54
Cu0.24MgO9.81
Fe41.66SiO233.18
Co0.09Al2O37.27
S0.78其他3.22

表3

全尾砂化学成分分析结果"

成分含量成分含量
SiO242.20SO33.37
CaO3.73K2O0.39
MgO32.71TiO20.33
Al2O34.04其他0.85
Fe2O312.14

表4

矿物活性评价指标及结果"

评价指标公式镍渣全尾砂
碱性率M0=CaO+MgOSiO2+Al2O30.330.79
活性率Mα=Al2O3SiO20.220.09

图1

镍渣粒径分布图"

图2

全尾砂粒级分布图"

表5

全尾砂粒径参数"

参数数值
d10/μm2.224
d30/μm7.962
d60/μm25.178
曲率系数1.132
不均匀系数11.240

图3

镍渣—全尾砂混合料的粒度特性曲线"

表6

镍渣—尾砂的堆集密实度试验结果"

混合料中镍渣占比/%混合料密度/(g·cm-3)实测堆积密实度计算堆积密实度差值
第1次第2次第3次平均
102.866800.4360.4340.4380.4360.4580.0220
202.943490.4940.4790.4630.4790.4890.0103
303.024400.5310.4980.5110.5130.5240.0107
403.109890.5530.5770.5470.5590.5540.0050
503.200350.6150.5930.6040.6040.6220.0180
603.296220.6330.6410.6240.6330.6550.0223
703.398020.6190.6310.6420.6310.6420.0113
803.506310.6240.6090.6130.6150.6270.0117
903.621730.6270.5970.6030.6090.6150.0060

图4

镍渣—尾砂的堆集密实度实测值与理论值比较"

图5

镍渣—尾砂配比为4∶6时抗压强度试验结果"

图6

镍渣—尾砂配比为5∶5时抗压强度试验结果"

图7

镍渣—尾砂配比为6∶4时抗压强度试验结果"

表7

镍渣混合料浆流动性试验结果"

镍渣与尾砂配比

质量浓度

/%

平均坍落度/mm平均扩展度/mm备注
4∶675279810离析严重
77259670离析严重
79251450
81231320
5∶575280860轻微离析
77273770推荐配比
79270700推荐配比
81260550
83250480
6∶4752911 145离析严重
772891 000离析严重
79277815轻微离析
81272655离析严重
83265650临界状态

图8

重度离析料浆试验效果"

表8

镍渣—全尾砂混合充填料浆的流变参数结果"

镍渣与尾砂配比质量浓度/%屈服应力/Pa塑性黏度/(Pa·s)复相关系数R2
5∶57572.4990.6040.9709
7789.2650.7430.9776
79112.6340.9380.9949
81125.9121.0490.9925
83221.5931.8460.9992

图9

镍渣—全尾砂配比为5∶5时屈服应力、黏度与质量浓度变化曲线"

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