img

QQ群聊

img

官方微信

高级检索

黄金科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 501-510.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.03.032

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于VMD-HHT的井下预裂爆破振动效应分析

李祥龙1(),余林1(),黄原明2,陈浩2,赵艳伟2   

  1. 1.昆明理工大学国土资源与工程学院,云南 昆明 650093
    2.玉溪矿业有限公司,云南 玉溪 653100
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-22 修回日期:2024-04-10 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-05
  • 通讯作者: 余林 E-mail:lxl00014002@163.com;yl15752439772@163.com
  • 作者简介:李祥龙(1981-),男,安徽淮北人,教授,博士生导师,从事岩石破碎及工程爆破方面的研究工作。lxl00014002@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“爆破荷载下矿岩破碎特性响应机理研究”(52274083);云南省重大科技专项项目“深地资源安全高效低生态损害开采理论与技术”(202202AG050014)

Vibration Effect Analysis of Downhole Pre-splitting Blasting Based on VMD-HHT

Xianglong LI1(),Lin YU1(),Yuanming HUANG2,Hao CHEN2,Yanwei ZHAO2   

  1. 1.Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
    2.Yuxi Mining Co. , Ltd. , Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2024-01-22 Revised:2024-04-10 Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-05
  • Contact: Lin YU E-mail:lxl00014002@163.com;yl15752439772@163.com

摘要:

云南玉溪大红山铜矿现有采矿方法为分段空场嗣后充填法,采用大爆破工艺,由于一次爆破的药量过大导致对保留岩体的损伤较大,影响采场的稳定性。为解决此问题,按照多打孔少装药的原则,在距保留岩体一定距离处布置一排较为密集的炮孔,并减小单孔装药量,在主爆区起爆之前先起爆该排炮孔,形成一条具有一定宽度的缝隙,以减弱对保留岩体的损伤。基于变分模态分解和希尔伯特黄变换(VMD-HHT)方法对现场实测的爆破振动信号进行分析。结果表明:本次预裂爆破振动信号的瞬时能量分布区间主要集中在0~0.5 s内,频率分布的区间主要集中在40 Hz以内;采用3个测点的合速度进行减振率计算,得到3个测点减振率分别为21.0%、30.1%和38.5%,有效减小了爆破振动对保留岩体的损伤和破坏。

关键词: 预裂爆破, 爆破振动, VMD-HHT, 减振率, 能量分布, 大红山铜矿

Abstract:

The current mining method employed at Dahongshan copper mine in Yuxi,Yunnan Province utilizes the large blasting technology of sublevel open-stope subsequent filling method.However,due to the excessive amount of explosive used in each blast,significant damage is inflicted upon the retained rock mass which ultimately affects stope stability.In order to address this issue,a more holes and less charge approach has been implemented whereby dense blast holes are arranged at a certain distance from the retained rock mass and single hole charges have been reduced.Prior to detonating the main detonation zone,these rows of holes are first detonated thereby creating a gap with a specific width that serves to minimize damage inflicted upon the retained rock mass.The variational mode decomposition and Hilbert-Huang transform(VMD-HHT) method was employed in this study to analyze the field-measured blasting vibration signals.The results show that the instantaneous energy distribution of the pre-splitting vibration signals primarily concentrates within the time range of 0 to 0.5 seconds,while the frequency distribution predominantly lies within the range of 40 Hz.The combined velocity of the three measuring points is used to calculate the vibration reduction rate,and the vibration reduction rates of the three measuring points are 21.0%,30.1% and 38.5%,respectively,which effectively reduces the damage and destruction of blasting vibration to the retained rock mass.

Key words: presplitting blasting, blasting vibration, VMD-HHT, damping rate, energy distribution, Dahongshan copper mine

中图分类号: 

  • TD235

图1

炮孔布置图"

图2

预裂孔装药结构图"

图3

现场装药图"

图4

仪器布置图"

图5

测点布置图"

表1

常规大爆破实测数据"

测点编号单响药量Q/kg爆心距R/m振动速度V/(cm·s-1
水平径向水平切向垂直方向合速度
11 210325.9756.5658.40212.223
21 210604.6953.7535.3738.062
31 2101041.4712.8341.6223.581
41 2101531.3981.071.5572.350
51 2102011.2090.9530.8451.756
6909575.7564.8526.71210.086
79091074.2583.9153.8536.950
89091511.1821.1871.5702.296
99091991.0690.6630.8301.507

图6

振动速度拟合曲线"

表2

预裂爆破测点振动速度"

测点编号单响药量Q/kg爆心距R/m振动速度V/(cm·s-1
水平径向水平切向垂直方向合速度
21 404644.5472.8543.0246.162
31 4041151.9181.1401.6272.761
41 4041591.1490.8240.8861.669

表3

预裂爆破减振效果分析"

测点

编号

爆心距R/m单响药量Q/kg振动速度/(cm·s-1

减振率

/%

无预裂缝有预裂缝
2641 4047.8006.16221.0
31151 4043.9522.76130.1
41591 4042.7141.66938.5

图7

7号测点原始爆破振动信号"

图8

3号测点原始爆破振动信号"

图9

VDM分解结果"

图10

7号测点IMF分量能量分布图"

图11

3号测点IMF分量能量分布图"

图12

7号测点三维Hilebert谱"

图13

3号测点三维Hilebert谱"

图14

3号测点使用VDM分解降噪后的波形图"

图15

3号测点使用VDM分解降噪后的三维Hilebert谱"

Chen Jihui, Qiu Wenge, Zhao Xuwei,et al,2022.Analysis on features of energy distribution for blasting seismic wave based on wavelet transform[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,41(6):222-228,255.
Chu Fujiao, Wang Zuopeng, Li Minghan,et al,2023.Experimental study on delay time of hole-by-hole initiation based on HHT spectrum analysis[J].Blasting,40(4):103-109.
Fei Honglu, Shan Jie,2022.Application of CEEMDAN-wavelet threshold method in blasting vibration signal processing[J].Blasting,39(3):41-47,164.
Jia Bei, Ling Tianlong, Hou Shijun,et al,2020.Application of variable mode decomposition in the removal of blasting signal trend items[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,40(4):045201.doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0092 .
doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0092
Li Qiyue, Wang Hongwei, Wang Jingbo,et al,2021.Pretreatment of blasting vibration signal based on EEMD and wavelet threshold method[J].Mining and Metallurgy Engineering,41(3):28-31,36.
Li Xianglong, Yang Changhui, Wang Jianguo,et al,2022.Research on delay time of electronic detonator based on numerical simulation and spectrum analysis[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,12(2):99-105.
Li Xianglong, Zhao Zehu, Wang Jianguo,et al,2021.Research on vibration law of underground shallow hole blasting based on EMD-HHT and wavelet theory[J].Nonferrous Metals Engineering,11(12):100-108.
Ling Tonghua, Liu Haoran, Zhang Liang,et al,2018.The improved biorthogonal wavelet construction method and its application in blast vibration signal analysis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,37(11):273-280.
Liu Z J, Liu H Z,2023.A noval hybrid model based on GA-VMD,sample entropy reconstruction and BiLSTM for wind speed prediction[J].Measurement,222(4):113643.DOI:10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113643 .
doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2023.113643
Lu Chao, Wu Xianzhen, Liu Jianwei,et al,2021.Comparative analysis of the underground mine’s deep-hole blasting vibration signals based on wavelet and EMD[J].China Mining Industry,30(2):84-90.
Ma Ruiheng, Shi Dangyong,2005.Time-frequency analysis of blasting vibration signal[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,(4):92-95,142.
Meng Biao, Yin Haojie, Chen Hui,et al,2022.Time-frequency energy analysis of electronic detonator blast vibration signals in rock tunneling[J].Metal Mine,51(9):55-62.
Peng Yaxiong, Liu Guangjin, Su Ying,et al,2021.A smooth denoising model of tunnel blasting vibration signal based on VMD[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,40(24):173-179.
Rao Yu, Xia Yuanyou, Hu Yingguo,et al,2017.Influence of pre-splitting crack on spectrum distribution characteristics of blasting vibration[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,36(7):191-198.
Ren Yanmin, Long Yunjie, Tang Hongjing,et al,2023.Study of frequency bands vs energy distribution of blast vibration signals based on EEMD and Hilbert transform[J].Mining and Metallurgy Engineering,43(2):35-39.
State Administration of Work Safety,2014. Safety specifications of blasting: [S].Beijing:Standards Press of China.
Sun Bing, Song Liangling, Zeng Sheng,et al,2023.Blasting vibration signal decomposition method for open-pit mine based on fswt-fdm[J/OL].Metal mine,1-12[2024-06-06]..
Wang Hailong, Bo Haobo, Zhao Yan,et al,2021.Denoising algorithm of blasting signal based on fourier decomposition method-wavelet packet analysis[J].Blasting,38(2):37-44.
Xu Zhenyang, Mo Hongyi, Bao Song,et al,2023.Energy characteristics of blast vibration signals of open-pit slope based on VMD-Teager[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,42(7):77-88,105.
Yan Junwei, Long Yuan, Fang Xiang,et al,2007.Analysis on features of energy distribution for blasting seismic wave based on wavelet transform[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,27(5):405-410.
Zhang Shenghui, Gao Wenxue, Liu Jiangchao,et al,2022.Extraction and analysis of principal components of blasting vibration signal based on EMD decomposition[J].Engineering Blasting,28(6):8-14.
Zhang Shuai, Xue Jianglong, Yang Jiankang,et al,2023.Study on blasting vibration control effect of large section soft rock tunnel based on HHT analysis[J].Engineering Blasting,29(6):158-166.
Zhao Yan, Wang Xiaojing, Wang Hailong,et al,2022.Regression analysis and comparative study on blasting vibration velocity of crossing tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,28(5):121-127.
Zhou H M, Zhao S C, Zhao W Q,et al,2023.Vibration signal denoising optimization analysis n tunnel excavation based on improved MEEMD[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,42(10):74-81.
陈吉辉,仇文革,赵旭伟,等,2022.基于小波包技术地铁隧道分区爆破振动特性研究[J].振动与冲击,41(6):222-228,255.
褚夫蛟,王作鹏,李铭涵,等,2023.基于HHT频谱分析逐孔起爆微差时间试验研究[J].爆破,40(4):103-109.
费鸿禄,山杰,2022.CEEMDAN-小波阈值法在爆破振动信号处理中的应用[J].爆破,39(3):41-47,164.
国家安全生产监督管理总局,2014. 爆破安全规程: [S].北京:中国标准出版社.
贾贝,凌天龙,侯仕军,等,2020.变分模态分解在爆破信号趋势项去除中的应用[J].爆炸与冲击,40(4):045201.doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0092 .
doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0092
李启月,王宏伟,王靖博,等,2021.基于EEMD和小波阈值法的爆破振动信号预处理研究[J].矿冶工程,41(3):28-31,36.
李祥龙,杨长辉,王建国,等,2022.基于数值模拟和频谱分析的孔间精确延时探究[J].有色金属工程,12(2):99-105.
李祥龙,赵泽虎,王建国,等,2021.基于EMD-HHT和小波理论的地下浅孔爆破振动规律研究[J].有色金属工程,11(12):100-108.
凌同华,刘浩然,张亮,等,2018.双正交小波基构造法及其在爆破振动信号分析中的应用[J].振动与冲击,37(11):273-280.
鲁超,吴贤振,刘建伟,等,2021.基于小波与EMD的井下深孔爆破振动信号对比分析[J].中国矿业,30(2):84-90.
马瑞恒,时党勇,2005.爆破振动信号的时频分析[J].振动与冲击,(4):92-95,142.
孟彪,殷浩杰,陈辉,等,2022.岩巷掘进中电子雷管爆破振动信号的时频能量分析[J].金属矿山,51(9):55-62.
彭亚雄,刘广进,苏莹,等,2021.基于变分模态分解算法的隧道爆破振动信号光滑降噪模型[J].振动与冲击,40(24):173-179.
饶宇,夏元友,胡英国,等,2017.预裂缝对爆破振动频谱分布特征的影响[J].振动与冲击,36(7):191-198.
任艳民,龙运杰,唐虹靖,等,2023.基于EEMD-Hilbert变换的爆破振动信号频带—能量分布特征研究[J].矿冶工程,43(2):35-39.
孙冰,宋良灵,曾晟,等,2023.基于FSWT-FDM的露天矿爆破振动信号分解方法[J].金属矿山,1-12.[2024-06-06]..
王海龙,柏皓博,赵岩,等,2021.基于傅里叶分解—小波包分析的爆破信号去噪方法[J].爆破,38(2):37-44.
徐振洋,莫宏毅,包松,等,2023.基于VMD-Teager的露天边坡爆破振动信号能量特征研究[J].振动与冲击,42(7):77-88,105.
晏俊伟,龙源,方向,等,2007.基于小波变换的爆破振动信号能量分布特征分析[J].爆炸与冲击,27(5):405-410.
张声辉,高文学,刘江超,等,2022.基于EMD分解的爆破振动信号主成分提取与分析[J].工程爆破,28(6):8-14.
张帅,薛江龙,杨健康,等,2023.基于HHT分析的大断面软岩隧道爆破振动控制效果研究[J].工程爆破,29(6):158-166.
赵岩,王小敬,王海龙,等,2022.交叉隧道爆破振速回归分析及对比研究[J].工程爆破,28(5):121-127.
[1] 代树红, 张战军, 柳凯, 郑昊, 孙清林. 基于PEMD-MPE算法的露天矿爆破振动信号降噪方法[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2024, 32(1): 82-90.
[2] 邓红卫, 罗亮. 基于SMA算法优化随机森林的PPV预测模型[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2023, 31(4): 624-634.
[3] 吴钦正,李润然,李桂林,李金平,尹延天,徐帅. 基于JKSimBlast软件的露天矿爆破毫秒延期时间优化[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021, 29(6): 854-862.
[4] 李萧翰,刘科伟,杨家彩,李旭东. 不同地应力下爆破振动效应分析[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(2): 241-248.
[5] 于常先,赵明宣,李晓东. 中深孔松动控制爆破技术在三山岛金矿的应用[J]. J4, 2012, 20(4): 58-61.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 路仁江, 刘鹏金, 娄伟华. 高水固结充填采矿法工艺创新与应用[J]. J4, 2011, 19(1): 51 -54 .
[2] 赵文川 ,彭素霞 ,李涛. 寨上金矿区矿脉产状及深部找矿前景初探[J]. J4, 2008, 16(2): 1 -4 .
[3] 李淑芳, 于永安, 朝银银, 王美娟, 张岱, 刘君, 孙亮亮. 在辽东成矿带找寻层控型金矿床靶区[J]. J4, 2010, 18(3): 59 -62 .
[4] 傅星. 青海绿梁山地区金矿床地质特征及成矿条件浅析[J]. J4, 2010, 18(4): 54 -57 .
[5] 冷寒松, 邓尧增, 胥华龙, 刘涛, 王卓. 有底柱分段崩落采矿法在焦家金矿的研究与应用[J]. J4, 2010, 18(4): 65 -67 .
[6] 耿阿乔, 段建华. 青海满丈岗金矿控矿因素及找矿靶区分析[J]. J4, 2010, 18(6): 34 -37 .
[7] 杨晓鸿. 贡果亚陇地区金锑矿成矿前景及其找矿意义[J]. J4, 2010, 18(6): 38 -41 .
[8] 江秉忠, 宋丙剑. 黑龙江嘎拉山地区金找矿潜力分析[J]. J4, 2011, 19(1): 34 -37 .
[9] 姜琪, 王荣超. 甘肃枣子沟金矿床形成环境及矿床成因[J]. J4, 2010, 18(4): 37 -40 .
[10] 陆树林, 苏建华. 顶吹烟化法在回收铟中的应用[J]. J4, 2010, 18(4): 71 -74 .