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黄金科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 501-510.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.03.032

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于VMD-HHT的井下预裂爆破振动效应分析

李祥龙1(),余林1(),黄原明2,陈浩2,赵艳伟2   

  1. 1.昆明理工大学国土资源与工程学院,云南 昆明 650093
    2.玉溪矿业有限公司,云南 玉溪 653100
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-22 修回日期:2024-04-10 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-05
  • 通讯作者: 余林 E-mail:lxl00014002@163.com;yl15752439772@163.com
  • 作者简介:李祥龙(1981-),男,安徽淮北人,教授,博士生导师,从事岩石破碎及工程爆破方面的研究工作。lxl00014002@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“爆破荷载下矿岩破碎特性响应机理研究”(52274083);云南省重大科技专项项目“深地资源安全高效低生态损害开采理论与技术”(202202AG050014)

Vibration Effect Analysis of Downhole Pre-splitting Blasting Based on VMD-HHT

Xianglong LI1(),Lin YU1(),Yuanming HUANG2,Hao CHEN2,Yanwei ZHAO2   

  1. 1.Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
    2.Yuxi Mining Co. , Ltd. , Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2024-01-22 Revised:2024-04-10 Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-05
  • Contact: Lin YU E-mail:lxl00014002@163.com;yl15752439772@163.com

摘要:

云南玉溪大红山铜矿现有采矿方法为分段空场嗣后充填法,采用大爆破工艺,由于一次爆破的药量过大导致对保留岩体的损伤较大,影响采场的稳定性。为解决此问题,按照多打孔少装药的原则,在距保留岩体一定距离处布置一排较为密集的炮孔,并减小单孔装药量,在主爆区起爆之前先起爆该排炮孔,形成一条具有一定宽度的缝隙,以减弱对保留岩体的损伤。基于变分模态分解和希尔伯特黄变换(VMD-HHT)方法对现场实测的爆破振动信号进行分析。结果表明:本次预裂爆破振动信号的瞬时能量分布区间主要集中在0~0.5 s内,频率分布的区间主要集中在40 Hz以内;采用3个测点的合速度进行减振率计算,得到3个测点减振率分别为21.0%、30.1%和38.5%,有效减小了爆破振动对保留岩体的损伤和破坏。

关键词: 预裂爆破, 爆破振动, VMD-HHT, 减振率, 能量分布, 大红山铜矿

Abstract:

The current mining method employed at Dahongshan copper mine in Yuxi,Yunnan Province utilizes the large blasting technology of sublevel open-stope subsequent filling method.However,due to the excessive amount of explosive used in each blast,significant damage is inflicted upon the retained rock mass which ultimately affects stope stability.In order to address this issue,a more holes and less charge approach has been implemented whereby dense blast holes are arranged at a certain distance from the retained rock mass and single hole charges have been reduced.Prior to detonating the main detonation zone,these rows of holes are first detonated thereby creating a gap with a specific width that serves to minimize damage inflicted upon the retained rock mass.The variational mode decomposition and Hilbert-Huang transform(VMD-HHT) method was employed in this study to analyze the field-measured blasting vibration signals.The results show that the instantaneous energy distribution of the pre-splitting vibration signals primarily concentrates within the time range of 0 to 0.5 seconds,while the frequency distribution predominantly lies within the range of 40 Hz.The combined velocity of the three measuring points is used to calculate the vibration reduction rate,and the vibration reduction rates of the three measuring points are 21.0%,30.1% and 38.5%,respectively,which effectively reduces the damage and destruction of blasting vibration to the retained rock mass.

Key words: presplitting blasting, blasting vibration, VMD-HHT, damping rate, energy distribution, Dahongshan copper mine

中图分类号: 

  • TD235

图1

炮孔布置图"

图2

预裂孔装药结构图"

图3

现场装药图"

图4

仪器布置图"

图5

测点布置图"

表1

常规大爆破实测数据"

测点编号单响药量Q/kg爆心距R/m振动速度V/(cm·s-1
水平径向水平切向垂直方向合速度
11 210325.9756.5658.40212.223
21 210604.6953.7535.3738.062
31 2101041.4712.8341.6223.581
41 2101531.3981.071.5572.350
51 2102011.2090.9530.8451.756
6909575.7564.8526.71210.086
79091074.2583.9153.8536.950
89091511.1821.1871.5702.296
99091991.0690.6630.8301.507

图6

振动速度拟合曲线"

表2

预裂爆破测点振动速度"

测点编号单响药量Q/kg爆心距R/m振动速度V/(cm·s-1
水平径向水平切向垂直方向合速度
21 404644.5472.8543.0246.162
31 4041151.9181.1401.6272.761
41 4041591.1490.8240.8861.669

表3

预裂爆破减振效果分析"

测点

编号

爆心距R/m单响药量Q/kg振动速度/(cm·s-1

减振率

/%

无预裂缝有预裂缝
2641 4047.8006.16221.0
31151 4043.9522.76130.1
41591 4042.7141.66938.5

图7

7号测点原始爆破振动信号"

图8

3号测点原始爆破振动信号"

图9

VDM分解结果"

图10

7号测点IMF分量能量分布图"

图11

3号测点IMF分量能量分布图"

图12

7号测点三维Hilebert谱"

图13

3号测点三维Hilebert谱"

图14

3号测点使用VDM分解降噪后的波形图"

图15

3号测点使用VDM分解降噪后的三维Hilebert谱"

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