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黄金科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 511-522.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.03.001

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

高应力扇形中深孔采场边帮控制爆破参数优化

李波1(),温晨2,史秀志1()   

  1. 1.中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
    2.紫金(长沙)工程技术有限公司,湖南 长沙 410017
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-14 修回日期:2024-01-14 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-05
  • 通讯作者: 史秀志 E-mail:2973241771@qq.com;baopo@csu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李波(1999-),男,江西丰城人,硕士研究生,从事采矿与爆破方面的研究工作。2973241771@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    ‘十四五’重点研发计划项目“特大型多金属资源高通量分选关键技术与装备”(2022YFC2904602)

Optimization of Stope Sidewall Controlled Blasting Parameters for High-Stress Fan-Shaped Medium-Depth Hole

Bo LI1(),Chen WEN2,Xiuzhi SHI1()   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
    2.Zijin(Changsha) Engineering Technology Co. , Ltd. , Changsha 410017, Hunan, China
  • Received:2023-12-14 Revised:2024-01-14 Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-05
  • Contact: Xiuzhi SHI E-mail:2973241771@qq.com;baopo@csu.edu.cn

摘要:

针对扇形孔采场爆破边帮控制问题,提出了一种将靠近边帮的扇形炮孔施工成垂直平行孔用以控制边帮的构想。首先,通过理论计算得到4组平行炮孔不耦合系数与炮孔间距匹配下的模型参数,使用LS-DYNA对4组参数进行数值模拟;然后,通过对比分析4组模型在无地应力作用和不同方向地应力作用时的爆破裂纹扩展情况,获得最优参数;最后基于优化参数开展工业试验。结果表明:高地应力会促进最大应力方向爆破裂纹扩展;4种模型中,不耦合系数为1.65,炮孔间距为1.1 m时开挖区域破岩效果最为合理;在试验采场开展工业试验,使用优化后的爆破参数进行爆破,采场回采后边帮平整,稳定性较好,验证了研究结论的正确性。

关键词: 边帮控制爆破, 高地应力, 理论计算, 数值模拟, 扇形孔, 爆破裂纹扩展

Abstract:

At present,most of the fan-shaped hole stope blasting is difficult to achieve direct control of the sidewalls,and fan-shaped holes due to the special characteristics of its own structure can not be avoided to cause a certain amount of over-excavation or under-excavation.Aiming at the problem of controlling the sidewalls of the blasting of fan-shaped holes in the stope,a concept of constructing the fan-shaped holes close to the sidewalls into vertical parallel holes for controlling the sidewalls was proposed.Sidewall controlled blasting technology generally utilizes air-uncoupled charge structures to achieve.The model parameters of four groups of parallel boreholes under the uncoupling coefficient and spacing matching were obtained by theoretical calculation.The numerical simulation was carried out by LS-DYNA,and the blasting crack propagation of the four groups of models without in-situ stress and in different directions of in-situ stress was compared.The stress conditions of the three schemes are different.In scheme 1,four models are numerically simulated under the condition of no ground stress.In scheme 2,when the direction of the maximum horizontal stress is the same as that of the stope layout,30 MPa is loaded in the X direction and 60 MPa in the Y direction.In scheme 3,when the direction of maximum horizontal stress is perpendicular to the direction of stope layout,60 MPa is loaded in X direction and 30 MPa is loaded in Y direction.After analyzing the blasting crack propagation and blasting effect,it is found that high geostress promotes the propagation of blasting cracks in the direction of the maximum stress.When the stope is arranged parallel to the direction of maximum horizontal stress,the propagation of blasting cracks in the rock between the lines of the blast holes is promoted,which is beneficial to the breaking of rock.The propagation of blasting cracks in the rock between the blast hole and the surrounding rock will be restricted,which is beneficial to the protection of the sidewalls.When the stope is arranged vertically along the direction of the maximum horizontal stress,the propagation of blasting cracks in the rock is promoted,which is not beneficial to the protection of the sidewalls.Therefore,the direction of the stope layout should be the same as the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stresses.Statistics on the four models of excavation area damage rock,the uncoupling coefficient of 1.65,neighboring parallel hole spacing of 1.1 m is the most reasonable.Industrial experiments were carried out in the test stope,using the optimized blasting parameters for blasting,and the sidewalls were smooth and stable after the stope was mined,which verified the reasonableness of the blasting scheme.

Key words: sidewall controlled blasting, high geo-stress, theoretical calculations, numerical simulation, fan-shaped hole, blasting crack propagation

中图分类号: 

  • TD235

图1

常规扇形孔采场边帮爆破示意图"

图2

上向扇形中深孔采场示意图(优化后)"

图3

炮孔间距计算结果"

表1

不耦合系数与炮孔间距匹配关系"

模型不耦合系数K炮孔间距L /m
11.361.44
21.651.13
32.110.84
42.880.58

图4

模型简化示意图"

图5

数值计算分析模型和炮孔模型"

表2

谦比希铜矿东南矿体岩石物理力学参数"

参数数值参数数值
密度/(kg·m-32 800泊松比μ0.23
抗拉强度/MPa14.28黏聚力/MPa28.66
单轴抗压强度/MPa130.0内摩擦角/(°)44.97
弹性模量/GPa52.13

表3

RHT模型参数"

参数取值参数取值参数取值
ρ02 800 kg/m3A245 GPaQ00.68
Pel43.3 MPaA316.7 GPaB0.05
Pcmop6 GPaB01.4βc0.0098
N3.0B11.4βt0.013
α01.1T132.1 GPaεoc3e-5
A132.1 GPaT20PTF0.001
fc130.0 MPaεot3e-6D10.04
ft*0.11εc3e25D21.0
fs*0.22εt3e25εpm0.001
G21.1 GPagc*0.53Af0.25
A2.45gt*0.7nf0.62
N0.74ξ0.5EPSF2.0

表4

炸药及其状态方程参数"

参数数值参数数值
ρe /(kg·m-31 150R15.78
Vd/(m·s-14 000R22.08
PCJ/GPa4.6ω0.03
A/GPa177e0/GPa7
B/GPa9.9

表5

模拟方案"

方案编号加载模型初始应力条件
方案1模型1无地应力
模型2
模型3
模型4
方案2模型1X方向30 MPa,Y方向60 MPa
模型2
模型3
模型4
方案3模型1X方向60 MPa,Y方向30 MPa
模型2
模型3
模型4

图6

采场平行最大水平应力布置时应力初始化云图"

图7

采场垂直最大水平应力布置时应力初始化云图"

图8

无应力条件下4种模型爆破裂纹最终分布"

图9

采场平行最大水平应力方向条件下4种模型爆破裂纹最终分布"

图10

采场垂直最大水平应力方向条件下4种模型爆破裂纹最终分布"

图11

监测点应力状态"

图12

受力状态分析"

图13

O点受力分析"

图14

失效单元统计"

图15

炮孔示意图及边帮效果对比图"

图16

现场照片"

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