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黄金科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 559-578.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.04.081

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

湘东北万古金矿田江东金矿床成因——流体包裹体和H-O同位素制约

袁梓焜1,2,3(),邵拥军1,2,3,刘清泉1,2,3(),张毓策1,2,3,王智琳1,2,3   

  1. 1.有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室(中南大学),湖南 长沙 410083
    2.有色资源与地质灾害探测湖南省重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410083
    3.中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-24 修回日期:2024-05-07 出版日期:2024-08-31 发布日期:2024-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 刘清泉 E-mail:1641802708@qq.com;liuqingquan@csu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:袁梓焜(2000-),男,河南商丘人,硕士研究生,从事资源与环境地质工程研究工作。1641802708@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省科技创新计划项目“关键金属资源勘查创新团队”(2021RC4055);湖南黄金集团项目“湘东北万古金矿田构造控矿体系、成矿规律及找矿预测研究”联合资助

Genesis of Jiangdong Gold Deposit in Wangu Gold Field,Northeast Hunan:Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and H-O Isotope

Zikun YUAN1,2,3(),Yongjun SHAO1,2,3,Qingquan LIU1,2,3(),Yuce ZHANG1,2,3,Zhilin WANG1,2,3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring(Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Non-ferrous and Geological Hazard Detection, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
    3.School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
  • Received:2024-03-24 Revised:2024-05-07 Online:2024-08-31 Published:2024-08-27
  • Contact: Qingquan LIU E-mail:1641802708@qq.com;liuqingquan@csu.edu.cn

摘要:

万古地区金矿床成矿流体的性质、来源和演化以及矿床成因类型尚存在争议。本次选择万古地区的江东金矿床,系统开展了不同阶段石英的SEM-CL分析、流体包裹体显微测温、激光拉曼光谱分析以及H-O同位素测试。流体包裹体测试结果表明,成矿流体由中温、中—低盐度的H2O-NaCl-CO2体系逐渐演化为中—低温、中—低盐度的H2O-NaCl体系。H-O同位素测试结果表明:岩浆流体是主要的成矿流体来源,可能来源于燕山期的岩浆活动。金在成矿流体中主要以Au(HS)2-形式运移,流体不混溶作用和水—岩反应可能是金沉淀的主要机制。综合江东金矿床地质特征、流体包裹体特征和H-O同位素研究结果,认为其属于与岩浆活动有关的岩浆热液型金矿床。

关键词: 流体包裹体, H?O同位素, 成矿流体, 江东金矿床, 万古金矿田, 湘东北

Abstract:

The debate surrounding the source,properties and evolution of ore-forming fluids and the genesis of gold deposits in the Wangu area are still remains unresolved.To address this issue,the present study focuses on the Jiangdong gold deposit within the Wangu area,conducting a comprehensive analysis of quartz samples from different stages of the deposit.This analysis includes SEM-CL observation,microtemperature measurement of fluid inclusions,laser Raman spectroscopy,and H-O isotopic compositional analysis.Through examination of the relationship between the veins and the symbiotic combination between the minerals,four distinct mineralization stages have been identified.The mineralization stages at the study site are prioritized as follows: (1)quartz-scheelite stage,(2)quartz-pyrite stage,(3)quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite-polymetallic sulfide stage,and (4)quartz-calcite stage,and the main mineralization stages are the second and third stages.Fluid inclusions within the quartz at each stage were categorized into three types,namely aqueous inclusions (TypeⅠ),aqueous and CO2 three-phase inclusions (TypeⅡ),and pure CO2 inclusions (TypeⅢ).The homogeneous temperatures of the four phases of fluid inclusions range from 264 ℃ to 347 ℃,255 ℃ to 329 ℃,194 ℃ to 271℃,and 157 ℃to 235 ℃ respectively,aand the salinities range from 2.82% to 8.56% NaCleqv,from 1.84% to 9.04% NaCleqv,from 2.24% to 11.23% NaCleqv,and from 1.87% to 8.71% NaCleqv.The H-O isotope analysis indicates that the ore-forming fluids in the Jiangdong gold deposit are predominantly sourced from magmatic fluids,likely associated with magmatic activities during the Yanshanian period.Fluid-rock interactions may have resulted in the early ore-forming fluids being influenced by partially metamorphic fluids.Over the course of mineralization from early to late stages,the composition of the ore-forming fluid transitioned from a medium-temperature and medium-low salinity H2O-NaCl-CO2 system to a medium-low temperature and medium-low salinity H2O-NaCl system.Gold is primarily transported in the form of Au(HS)2- within ore-forming fluids,with fluid immiscibility and fluids-rock reaction likely serving as the primary mechanisms for gold precipitation.When considering the geological characteristics of the Jiangdong gold deposit,along with fluid inclusion studies and H-O isotope data,it can be classified as a magmatic hydrothermal deposit associated with magmatic activity.

Key words: fluid inclusions, H-O isotopes, mineralization fluids, Jiangdong gold deposit, Wangu gold field, Northeast Hunan

中图分类号: 

  • P618.51

图1

湘东北区域地质图(修改自Xu et al.,2017)Ⅰ-汨罗断陷盆地;Ⅱ-幕阜山—望湘断隆;Ⅲ-长沙—平江断陷盆地;Ⅳ-浏阳—衡东断隆;Ⅴ-醴陵—攸县断陷盆地;1.第四系—白垩系砾岩、砂岩和杂砂岩;2.中三叠统—中泥盆统砂岩、碳酸盐岩和粉砂岩;3.志留—震旦系砾岩、页岩和板岩;4.新元古界板溪群砂岩、砾岩、板岩和凝灰岩;5.新元古界—中元古界冷家溪群板岩和浊积岩;6.新太古界—古元古界连云山群角闪岩—麻粒岩相变质岩;7.晚侏罗世花岗岩;8.三叠纪花岗岩;9.晚志留世花岗岩;10.新元古代花岗岩;11.实测或者推断断层;12.韧性剪切带;13.金矿床点;14.铜多金属矿床点"

图2

江东金矿床矿区地质图(a)及4号勘探线剖面图(b)(修改自李建斌等,2020)1.第四系;2.上白垩统戴家坪组;3.冷家溪群坪原组;4.探槽及编号;5.钻孔及编号;6.金矿脉及编号;7.钻孔及编号"

图3

江东金矿床矿体特征"

图4

江东金矿床矿石镜下特征(a)黄铁矿、毒砂和方铅矿共生;(b)自形—半自形黄铁矿包裹毒砂和闪锌矿;(c)自形黄铁矿颗粒;(d)自形毒砂颗粒;(e)自然金赋存在黄铁矿中;(f)毒砂和闪锌矿共生;(g)毒砂、闪锌矿和黄铜矿共生;(h)毒砂和黝铜矿共生;(i)毒砂、黝铜矿和闪锌矿共生"

图5

江东金矿床围岩蚀变特征"

图6

江东金矿床矿石手标本特征(a)阶段Ⅰ的石英—白钨矿脉;(b)阶段Ⅱ穿插阶段Ⅰ;(c)阶段Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ之间的穿插关系;(d)阶段Ⅳ的石英—碳酸盐脉;(e)、(f)阶段Ⅲ、Ⅳ之间的穿插关系"

图7

江东金矿床成矿期次与矿物生成顺序"

表1

江东金矿床不同成矿阶段石英样品采样位置及描述"

成矿阶段样品编号采样位置样品描述
阶段Ⅰ450-2-450 m中段含白钨矿和浸染状黄铁矿的脉状石英
阶段ⅡZK001-4ZK001孔深543 m处乳白色和烟灰色石英脉
ZK001-5ZK001孔深486.7 m处灰黑色板岩中含矿石英—方解石脉
ZK6S-6-1ZK6S-6-1孔深252 m处石英—黄铁矿脉
阶段ⅢJD-10-450 m中段石英—多金属硫化物—自然金脉
ZK202-2ZK202孔深517 m处含浸染状黄铁矿—毒砂的脉状石英
ZK1201-6ZK1201孔深573 m处石英—多金属硫化物—自然金脉
ZK405-6ZK405孔深785 m处石英—多金属硫化物—自然金脉
阶段ⅣZK202-1ZK202孔深516 m处石英—方解石脉穿插浸染状黄铁矿—毒砂蚀变围岩
ZK001-13ZK001孔深508 m处石英—方解石脉
ZK1003-1ZK1001孔深89.3 m处石英—方解石脉

图8

江东金矿床石英SEM-CL图像Q-石英;Sch-白钨矿;Py-黄铁矿"

图9

江东金矿床流体包裹体类型及组合(a)阶段Ⅰ Type Ⅰ型包裹体;(b)阶段Ⅱ Type Ⅱ型包裹体;(c)阶段Ⅲ Type Ⅲ型包裹体;(d)阶段Ⅰ中的Type Ⅰ型包裹体与Type Ⅱ型包裹体共存;(e)阶段Ⅲ中的流体包裹体集群分布;(f)阶段Ⅲ中的3种流体包裹体同时出现;(g)阶段Ⅱ中的Type Ⅱ型包裹体;(h)阶段Ⅰ中的Type Ⅲ型包裹体;(i)阶段Ⅳ中的Type Ⅰ型包裹体"

表2

江东金矿床中不同阶段的流体包裹体测温结果"

成矿阶段

包裹体

类型

Tm,CO2/°CTm,ice/°CTm,clath/°CTh,CO2/°CTh,total/°C

盐度

w(NaCl)]/%

密度/(g·cm-3
第Ⅰ阶段Type Ⅰ--5.38~-1.66--264~342(L/V)2.83~8.380.684~0.827
Type Ⅱ-59.7~-56.8-5.3~8.622.7~29.1275~347(L/V)2.82~8.560.767~0.969
第Ⅱ阶段Type Ⅰ-4.62~-1.52--255~318(L/V)2.60~7.330.730~0.845
Type Ⅱ-59.2~-56.75.0~9.121.2~28.7271~329(L/V)1.84~9.040.779~0.982
第Ⅲ阶段Type Ⅰ--6.86~-1.67--194~261(L/V)2.85~10.310.828~0.937
Type Ⅱ-59.8~-56.83.5~8.919.7~29.3216~271(L/V)2.24~11.230.703~0.982
第Ⅳ阶段Type Ⅰ--5.82~-1.08--157~235(L/V)1.87~8.710.853~0.963

图10

江东金矿床不同成矿阶段均一温度和盐度直方图"

图11

不同成矿阶段流体包裹体均—温度—盐度协变图"

图12

流体包裹体原位激光拉曼光谱分析图(a)第Ⅳ阶段Type Ⅰ型成分谱图;(b)第Ⅰ阶段Type Ⅱ型包裹体中的CO2双峰;(c)第Ⅱ阶段Type Ⅱ型包裹体的CO2、N2和CH4峰值;(d)第Ⅲ阶段Type Ⅲ型包裹体的CO2峰值"

表3

江东金矿床中不同成矿阶段H-O同位素组成"

成矿

阶段

样品编号δDV-SMOW/‰δ18OV-SMOW/‰δ18OH2O/

温度

/℃

阶段Ⅰ450-2-64.818.5311.85306
阶段ⅡZK001-4-56.919.1411.84289
ZK001-5-63.419.0811.78
ZK6S-6-1-81.418.6611.36
阶段ⅢJD-10-54.618.739.35241
ZK202-2-58.718.929.54
ZK1201-6-57.619.6110.23
ZK405-6-65.918.519.13
阶段ⅣZK202-1-61.217.986.02196
ZK001-13-62.718.997.04
ZK1003-1-55.718.616.65

图13

江东金矿床和万古金矿床H-O同位素组成图解注:万古金矿数据来源Mao et al. (2002)和Deng et al.(2017)"

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