img

QQ群聊

img

官方微信

高级检索

黄金科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 579-593.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.04.027

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海柴达木巴伦马海盆地盐湖黏土型钾锂矿的物质组成及溶矿试验研究

袁桂林1,2(),马玉亮1,2,陈建洲1,2(),蒋远山1,2,徐永锋1,2,晁海德1,2,丁成旺1,2,梁辉3   

  1. 1.青海省第四地质勘查院,青海 西宁 810001
    2.青海省页岩气资源重点实验室,青海 西宁 810001
    3.青海瞻远地质勘探有限责任公司,青海 西宁 810008
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-18 修回日期:2024-04-07 出版日期:2024-08-31 发布日期:2024-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 陈建洲 E-mail:170517638@qq.com;qhchjzh@163.com
  • 作者简介:袁桂林(1983-),女,江苏盐城人,工程师,硕士研究生,从事战略性矿产、清洁能源和非常规气体勘查研究工作。170517638@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”计划项目、青海省地质矿产勘查开发局高层次人才培养项目“青海省沉积型锂矿成矿研究”(2023-3-18);企业地勘项目“青海省茫崖市巴伦马海稀有轻金属矿可利用性研究”联合资助

Study on Composition and Dissolution Test of Clay-type Potassium-Lithium Ore in Salt Lake of Balunmahai Basin,Qaidam,Qinghai

Guilin YUAN1,2(),Yuliang MA1,2,Jianzhou CHEN1,2(),Yuanshan JIANG1,2,Yongfeng XU1,2,Haide CHAO1,2,Chengwang DING1,2,Hui LIANG3   

  1. 1.The Fourth Geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
    2.Qinghai Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resources, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
    3.Qinghai Zhanyuan Geological Exploration Co. , Ltd. , Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2024-01-18 Revised:2024-04-07 Online:2024-08-31 Published:2024-08-27
  • Contact: Jianzhou CHEN E-mail:170517638@qq.com;qhchjzh@163.com

摘要:

为评价柴达木巴伦马海盆地盐湖黏土型钾锂矿可加工性和可利用性,开展了X射线衍射分析、TOF-SIMS(飞行时间二次离子质谱)元素面扫描分析等岩矿测试和溶矿试验。结果表明:盐湖黏土型钾锂矿主要矿物类型为造岩矿物碎屑、盐类矿物、吸附于矿物表面或层状矿物结构面的物质。主要化学成分为K、Na、O、Cl,盐类矿物成分Cl-SO42-、K、Ca、Na、Mg、B2O3含量高,稀有元素Li、Rb、Cs、Sr富集明显。黏土层中水可溶物为石盐、光卤石和水氯镁石,Li、K可以通过水溶方式溶取利用。分析认为K的赋存类型主要为可溶性盐类矿物、长石和黏土矿物;锂的赋存类型主要为吸附锂和结构型锂,吸附锂包括水溶锂和酸浸锂,残渣态锂属于结构型锂。溶矿试验显示巴伦马海盐湖黏土型钾锂矿中K达到固体矿工业指标,Li达到液体矿综合评价指标,证实是可采出、有价值、可加工、可利用的矿产,估算潜在LiCl资源为114.41万t,KCl资源为1 395.22万t。推荐Li≥32.25×10-6为黏土型钾锂矿的锂综合利用品位。

关键词: 溶矿, 钾锂矿, 盐湖黏土型, 巴伦马海盆地, 矿物类型, 潜在资源

Abstract:

X-ray diffraction analysis and TOF-SIMS element surface scanning analysis were conducted to assess the processing and availability of clay-type potassium-lithium ore in the Salt Lake of Balunmahai Basin in Qaidam.Additionally,a dissolution test was performed to further investigate the potential utilization of this resource.The findings indicate that the predominant mineral types present in clay-type potassium-lithium deposits within salt lakes include rock-forming mineral fragments,salt minerals,substances adsorbed on mineral surfaces,and layered mineral structural surfaces.The primary chemical components consist of K,Na,O,Cl.The content of salt mineral components such as Cl-,SO42-,K,Ca,Na,Mg,and B2O3 is notably high,while the concentrations of rare elements Li,Rb,Cs,and Sr are evident.Water-soluble substances found in the clay layer include stone salt,carnallite,and hydrochloromagnesite,with Li and K being capable of dissolution and utilization through water solutions.The analysis indicates that the predominant occurrence types of potassium (K) are soluble salt minerals,feldspar,and clay minerals.Lithium,on the other hand,is primarily found in the forms of adsorbed lithium and structural lithium.Adsorbed lithium includes water-soluble lithium and acid-leached lithium,while residual lithium is classified as structural lithium.The estimated potential resource of lithium chloride (LiCl) is 1.1441 million tons,whereas potassium chloride (KCl) is estimated at 13.9522 million tons.Dissolution tests conducted on the ore from Balunmahai Salt Lake indicate that the potassium content meets industrial standards for solid ore,while the lithium content meets criteria for liquid ore,affirming its extractability,value,processability,and accessibility.It is recommended that the comprehensive utilization grade of clay-type lithium ore exceed or equal 32.25×10-6.

Key words: dissolution, potassium-lithium ore, clay-type in Salt Lake, Balunmahai Basin, mineral types, potential resource

中图分类号: 

  • P618.71

图1

柴达木巴伦马海盆地地质简图(修改自潘彤等,2023a)Qh-全新世沉积;Qp3-上更新世沉积;Qp2-中更新世沉积;Qp1-下更新世沉积;E3N1g-干柴沟组;N2y-油沙山组;N2s-狮子沟组;LW-现代湖水;1.实测地质界线及不整合地质界线;2.背斜轴;3.逆断层;4.推测断层;5.地层产状;6.调查评价区;7.剖面及编号"

图2

巴伦马海矿区80线各类矿体分布图1.钻孔及编号;2.地层编号;3.黏土矿层及编号;4.液体矿层及编号;5.固体石盐矿层及编号;6.固体钾矿层及编号"

图3

不同黏土类型的岩芯照片(a)灰绿色含石膏的黏土(ZK7816钻孔:4.9~5.0 m);(b)灰褐色含石膏粉砂的黏土(ZK7816钻孔:11.0~11.1 m);(c)灰褐色含粉砂的黏土(ZK7816钻孔:20.5~20.6 m);(d)黑色含石膏含炭黏土(ZK7816钻孔:24.5~24.6 m);(e)棕褐色含石膏的黏土(ZK7424钻孔:4.3~4.4 m);(f)黑色含炭黏土(ZK7424钻孔:7.2~7.3 m);(g)灰褐色含石盐粉砂的黏土(ZK7424钻孔:15.0~15.1 m);(h)青灰色含石膏的黏土(ZK7424钻孔:23.3~23.4 m)"

图4

黏土型锂矿溶浸流程图"

表1

不同黏土化学多元素分析结果"

样品名称含量
LiRbCsSrB2O3BeUKNaCa
黑色含炭黏土85.965.46.459696862.143.021.534.508.62
综合样品71.467.16.718726831.812.841.894.907.43
混合样品76.168.66.388066571.812.791.995.797.37
样品名称含量
MgFePSTCTiO2SO42-Cl-CO32-有机碳
黑色含炭黏土7.981.770.0293.763.540.05411.226.690.0870.75
综合样品7.02-----4.18--0.96
混合样品6.921.730.0341.033.270.0573.2211.270.121.00

表2

不同黏土X荧光光谱仪分析结果"

样品名称含量
BaCoCrCuGaHfMnNbNiPPbRbSr
黑色含炭黏土3405.04124252236082632014541 000
综合样品2705.034232433509263401555890
混合样品2204.528252732908232601451830
样品名称含量
TiVYZnZrSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3MgOCaONa2OK2O
黑色含炭黏土0.174714536827.308.192.3710.798.544.032.01
综合样品0.163915508527.378.182.108.888.715.371.95
混合样品0.123515448522.146.411.647.796.515.341.61

表3

水溶物组分分析结果"

样品类型含量/(×10-6含量/(×10-2
LiRbCsKNaCaMg
混合样品8.061.100.0180.574.481.891.54
黑色含炭黏土6.680.900.0150.343.623.661.50
综合样品9.191.160.0160.564.342.101.55

表4

含矿黏土化学全分析结果"

样品编号岩性名称含量
TiO2TFe2O3BrLiRbCsISOCl-SO42-CO32-K
QH1灰褐色含石膏粉砂的黏土0.363.399.4658.183.19.800.829.792.900.0851.96
QH2灰绿色含石膏的黏土0.302.758.7862.958.76.650.959.858.810.0571.65
QH3黑色含炭黏土0.484.2210.466.71069.231.147.796.960.0572.27
QH4灰绿色含石膏石盐的黏土0.525.049.1668.012712.402.004.773.760.0572.56
QH5灰黑色含石盐的淤泥0.484.2911.352.910110.101.455.772.960.0572.27
QH6灰绿色含石膏粉砂的黏土0.565.0612.968.412811.101.103.671.290.0572.73
QH7灰褐色含石膏的黏土0.352.9111.448.868.77.000.668.385.690.0571.68
QH8黑色含石膏的淤泥0.514.7513.272.312211.500.648.824.310.0572.51
QH9灰绿色含石膏的黏土0.423.5810.148.476.65.940.435.4611.140.0281.74
QH10灰褐色含石盐粉砂的黏土0.362.9611.064.171.16.620.455.6311.780.0281.65
样品编号岩性名称含量
CaMgNaB2O3AlAsMoNiSeSr
QH1灰褐色含石膏粉砂的黏土10.314.263.780.0349.2613.81.77240.218867.6
QH2灰绿色含石膏的黏土7.677.373.820.0537.189.72.1019.10.151877.2
QH3黑色含炭黏土5.434.545.360.05610.8913.43.5127.80.331276.4
QH4灰绿色含石膏石盐的黏土6.993.763.320.06812.3914.81.3528.90.216390.3
QH5灰黑色含石盐的淤泥9.193.393.880.04210.4415.02.0325.60.191691.9
QH6灰绿色含石膏粉砂的黏土5.433.421.950.06812.3815.91.8131.70.177288.1
QH7灰褐色含石膏的黏土10.974.614.750.0447.896.92.2819.70.137903.0
QH8黑色含石膏的淤泥4.464.025.010.05712.468.90.5428.10.164186.1
QH9灰绿色含石膏的黏土6.715.283.380.0778.3512.01.0622.00.087384.3
QH10灰褐色含石盐粉砂的黏土6.976.743.330.0747.3510.41.7419.00.205606.8

表5

样品中水可溶物分离试验"

滤渣部分(水不溶物)滤液部分(水可溶物)烘干后总质量/g
滤渣编号滤渣质量/g滤渣占比/%滤液蒸干编号滤液蒸干质量/g盐类占比/%
6-23.579376.976-31.070923.034.6502
7-23.921483.857-30.755216.154.6766
8-23.491475.598-31.127424.414.6188

图5

巴伦马海盆地黏土层扫描电镜能谱图谱(a)灰黑色含石盐淤泥的黏土层片状黏土矿物电镜图像;(b)灰黑色含石盐淤泥的黏土层片状黏土矿物元素能谱谱线;(c)灰绿色含石膏的黏土粒状黏土矿物电镜图像;(d)灰绿色含石膏的黏土粒状黏土矿物元素能谱谱线"

图6

样品中典型矿物背散射图像(a)不规则状石盐集合体;(b)光卤石集合体;(c)石膏;(d)伊利石为主的黏土矿物混杂集合体"

表6

水可溶物衍射分析汇总"

样品编号组成及含量/%
石盐半水石膏光卤石水氯镁石
6-342.239.518.30.0
7-343.138.818.10.0
8-336.631.322.010.1

表7

样品矿物含量"

矿物类别矿物名称含量/%
6号7号8号
含硅矿物含硅矿物石英25.326.324.9
斜长石9.67.69.9
黏土矿物伊利石15.215.515.0
绿泥石5.04.55.1
伊蒙混层4.35.14.1
高岭石2.22.02.3
盐类矿物硫酸盐矿物石膏6.918.55.6
氯化物石盐9.88.39.7
光卤石5.32.96.4
碳酸盐矿物文石5.706.0
白云石4.14.83.9
方解石6.24.26.7
金属硫化物黄铁矿0.40.20.5

图7

样品表面成分扫描正离子含量曲线图"

图8

样品表面成分扫描负离子含量曲线图"

图9

灰黑色含石盐淤泥的黏土正离子面扫描图像"

图10

灰绿色含石膏的黏土负离子面扫描图像"

表8

巴伦马海盐湖黏土型矿溶矿浸液监测样品分析结果"

矿液类型含量
BB2O3CaKLiMgNaSO42-
溶矿原液652092731 9788.435 18631 8604 742
浸液11284116156 14617.04-89 89013 010
浸液21254036016 31716.9715 32092 43013 270
浸液31254036056 21616.9114 92094 32013 360
浸液41314236176 13316.7914 90089 16012 800
浸液51364365815 86016.8714 54087 03012 800
浸液61213905745 32214.0713 26087 93012 870
浸液71233976036 07216.6214 52093 58013 240
浸液81203875396 52815.7215 13089 43013 170
浸液91254015655 56014.6313 80088 07011 390
浸液101233955606 44115.9515 28090 15012 860
浸液111294176065 95216.4314 62087 23012 600
浸液121203865696 24715.9114 73089 80012 450

表9

巴伦马海矿区主矿产钾盐工业指标"

计量组分矿产类型开采方式工业指标
边界品位/%最低工业品位(%或mg/L)最小可采厚度/m夹石剔除厚度/m
KCl钾盐卤水-≥0.3≥0.5--
固体溶解转化开采≥0.3≥0.5-0.5

表10

巴伦马海矿区伴生锂矿综合评价指标"

指标名称指标值
矿产类型(组分)卤水
锂综合利用品位w(LiCl)≥50 mg/L;w(Li)≥8.2 mg/L

表11

黏土矿物的波谱微区成分分析结果"

矿物类型Na2OMgOAl2O3SiO2SO3ClK2OCaOFeO
以绿泥石为主的黏土矿物混杂2.645.4714.0354.943.132.361.471.9414.03
以绿泥石为主的黏土矿物,混杂有石膏及盐类-9.962.1741.455.476.811.4610.1922.47
混杂有石膏的黏土矿物集合体-5.174.8717.4332.143.042.1220.7714.47
混杂有石膏及盐类的黏土矿物集合体1.079.669.7927.4312.838.671.366.2922.90
混杂有石膏的黏土矿物集合体0.846.3324.1338.395.513.1311.528.430.84
以伊利石为主的黏土矿物混杂,含石膏0.721.4713.2760.003.310.9510.931.966.38
伊利石和绿泥石等黏土矿物混杂集合体5.4938.5115.0918.583.230.8113.005.295.49

图11

溶矿试验搅拌罐、沉淀池中LiCl含量变化图(a)Ⅰ号试验线(7个搅拌罐);(b)Ⅱ号试验线(6个搅拌罐);(c)Ⅳ号试验线(4个搅拌罐)"

Chen Yuchuan, Mao Jingwen,2023.Domestic prospecting breakthrough have a brilliant future[N].China Natural Resources News,2023-04-26.
Ding Chengwang, Ma Yuliang, Song Weigang,et al,2022.Geological survey report of Balun Mahai rare light metal deposit,Mangya City,Qinghai Province[R].Xining:Qinghai Jintai Potash Fertilizer Co.,Ltd.
Ma Jinyuan, Hu Shengzhong, Tian Xiangdong,2010.Sedimentary environment and exploitation of Maihai potash deposits in Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Salt Lake Research,18(3):9-17.
Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China,2020. Specifications for Mineral Geology Salt Part 2:Modern Salt Lake Salt: [S].Beijing:Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China.
Pan Tong, Chen Jianzhou, Ding Chengwang,et al,2023a.Occurrence characteristics of lithium rare light metal clay-type deposits in Balunmahai Basin of Qaidam Basin[J].Gold Science and Technology,31(3):359-377.
Pan Tong, Chen Jianzhou, Ding Chengwang,et al,2023b.Supernormal enrichment of lithium,rubidium and cesium and its development potential in the clay of Salt Lake of Qaidam Basin[J].Geology in China,50(6):1925-1927.
Wan Hui, Yang Qiang, Liu Yongqiang,et al,2021.Reference Manual for Industrial Tequirements of Mineral Resources [M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Wu Shengbin, Wei Yeqiu, Liao Pengfei,et al,2023.Demonstration report of industrial index of potassium lithium mineral in Balun Mahai Potash salt mining area[R].Xining:Qinghai Jintai Potash Fertilizer Co.,Ltd.
Xiong Xin, Chen Pan, Yang Xiaowen,et al,2023.Test study on availability of rare light metal ore in Balunmahai,Manya City,Qinghai Province[R].Xining:Qinghai Province Geology Ore Test Application Center.
Yu Feng, Wang Denghong, Yu Yang,et al,2019.The distribution and exploration status of domestic and foreign sedimentary-type lithium deposits[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,38(3):354-364.
陈毓川,毛景文,2023.国内找矿突破大有可为[N].中国自然资源报,2023-04-26.
丁成旺,马玉亮,宋维刚,等,2022.青海省茫崖市巴伦马海稀有轻金属矿地质调查报告[R].西宁:青海锦泰钾肥有限公司.
马金元,胡生忠,田向东,2010.柴达木盆地马海钾盐矿床沉积环境与开发[J].盐湖研究,18(3):9-17.
潘彤,陈建洲,丁成旺,等,2023a.柴达木巴伦马海盆地锂稀有轻金属黏土型矿赋存特征[J].黄金科学技术,31(3):359-377.
潘彤,陈建洲,丁成旺,等,2023b.柴达木盆地盐湖黏土中锂、铷、铯超常富集及其开发潜力[J].中国地质,50(6):1925-1927.
万会,杨强,刘勇强,等,2021.矿产资源工业要求参考手册[M].北京:地质出版社.
吴盛斌,魏业秋,廖鹏飞,等,2023.巴仑马海钾盐矿区钾锂矿产工业指标论证报告[R].西宁:青海锦泰钾肥有限公司.
熊馨,陈攀,杨晓文,等,2023.青海省茫崖市巴仑马海稀有轻金属矿可利用性试验研究报告[R].西宁:青海省地质矿产测试应用中心.
于沨,王登红,于扬,等,2019.国内外主要沉积型锂矿分布及勘查开发现状[J].岩矿测试,38(3):354-364.
中华人民共和国自然资源部,2020. 矿产地质规范 盐类 第 2部分:现代盐湖盐类: [S].北京:中华人民共和国自然资源部.
[1] 邱宏喜,付桂花,谢璐,张汝生. 绿色化学法在金矿地质样品分析中的应用研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2015, 23(3): 77-82.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!