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黄金科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 749-767.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.05.140

• 特约专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

胶东三山岛断裂带金矿床蚀变矿物勘查标识

李健1(),宋明春2(),王昌伟3,王润生4,雷鸣1,崔庆意1,李杰2,李世勇5   

  1. 1.山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,山东 淄博 255000
    2.河北省战略性关键矿产资源重点实验室,河北地质大学地球科学学院,河北 石家庄 050031
    3.山东省正元地质资源勘查有限责任公司,山东 淄博 255000
    4.山东省物化探勘查院,山东 济南 250013
    5.山东省核工业二七三地质大队,山东 烟台 264000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-22 修回日期:2024-07-23 出版日期:2024-10-31 发布日期:2024-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 宋明春 E-mail:jianli@sdut.edu.cn;mingchuns@163.com
  • 作者简介:李健(1993-),男,内蒙古呼伦贝尔人,副教授,硕士生导师,从事矿床学研究工作。jianli@sdut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金NSFC-山东省联合基金项目“胶东深部金矿断裂控矿机理”(U2006201);山东省自然科学基金项目“胶东半岛东部岩浆活动与金成矿作用的响应——以金青顶矿床为例”(ZR2021QD056);河北省人才项目“冀北地区金成矿系统及深部找矿技术”(HBQZYCXY0010)

Exploration Indicators of Altered Minerals of Gold Deposits in the Sanshandao Fault Zone,Jiaodong Peninsula

Jian LI1(),Mingchun SONG2(),Changwei WANG3,Runsheng WANG4,Ming LEI1,Qingyi CUI1,Jie LI2,Shiyong Li5   

  1. 1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
    2.Hebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, College of Earth Sciences, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
    3.Shandong Zhengyuan Geological Resources Exploration Co. , Ltd. , Zibo 255000, Shandong, China
    4.Shandong Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Jinan 250013, Shandong, China
    5.Shandong Province Nuclear Industry Geological Group 273, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2024-05-22 Revised:2024-07-23 Online:2024-10-31 Published:2024-09-19
  • Contact: Mingchun SONG E-mail:jianli@sdut.edu.cn;mingchuns@163.com

摘要:

三山岛断裂带蚀变岩型金矿床控矿断裂产状变化部位含矿性存在差异,使得矿体不连续,勘查标识不明确。通过对三山岛北部海域金矿床30号勘探线的多个钻孔和三山岛井下坑道进行系统编录和样品采集,研究矿物共生组合与矿脉之间的穿切关系。研究表明:北部海域金矿床可划分为4个成矿阶段,即石英—黄铁矿—钾长石阶段(Ⅰ)、石英—黄铁矿—黄铜矿—自然金阶段(Ⅱ)、石英—黄铁矿—方铅矿—闪锌矿—自然金阶段(Ⅲ)和贫矿菱铁矿—方解石阶段(Ⅳ),其中Ⅱ和Ⅲ阶段是金的主要成矿阶段。利用短波红外光谱对控矿断裂含矿和贫矿部位样品进行分析,发现蚀变矿物组成、Al-OH吸收峰位和结晶度(IC)等存在明显差异,高的Pos2200和IC值与金矿体之间存在明确的正相关关系。对各钻孔的品位数据进行统计分析后,引入机器学习算法进行分析,强调IC值具有更高的权重影响。黄铁矿微量元素研究显示:As、Pb、Bi、Te和Sb等元素与Au元素含量之间具有显著正相关性。由此,基于断裂产状、短波红外光谱指标和黄铁矿元素含量等变化情况,建立了全新的勘查标识,对实际找矿勘查工作具有指导意义。

关键词: 短波红外光谱分析, 勘查标识, 断裂控矿模式, 三山岛断裂, 胶东半岛

Abstract:

The Jiaodong Peninsula represents the largest gold orefield in China and ranks as the third largest globally,with orebodies predominantly controlled by fault structures.The mineralization of gold deposits within the Sanshandao fault zone exhibits variability attributable to alterations in the controlling fault structures,leading to disparities in ore body continuity and ambiguous exploration indicators.This study systematically cataloged and sampled multiple drill holes and underground tunnels along exploration line 30 in the Beibuhaiyu and Sanshandao gold deposits.Based on the paragenetic associations of minerals and the cross-cutting relationships among ore veins,the gold deposits in the northern sea area can be categorized into four distinct metallogenic stages:quartz-pyrite-potassium feldspar(stage Ⅰ),quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite-native gold(stage Ⅱ),quartz-pyrite-galena-sphalerite-native gold(stage Ⅲ),and barren siderite-calcite(stage Ⅳ).Notably,stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ represent the primary metallogenic phases for native gold.The analysis of ore-bearing and barren sections of controlling faults through shortwave infrared spectroscopy has demonstrated substantial differences in alteration mineral composition,Al-OH absorption peak positions,and crystallinity index (IC).Notably,elevated Pos2200 and IC values exhibit a strong positive correlation with gold mineralization.Furthermore,statistical evaluation of grade data from multiple drill holes,augmented by machine learning algorithms,underscores the significant influence of IC values.The analysis of trace elements in pyrite revealed substantial positive correlations among elements including arsenic(As),lead(Pb),bismuth(Bi),tellurium(Te),antimony(Sb),and,gold(Au).Consequently,this study has established a novel exploration indicator grounded in variations in fault attitude,shortwave infrared spectroscopy markers,and pyrite elemental,commposition.This indicator holds considerable significance for informing practical prospecting efforts.

Key words: shortwave infrared spectroscopy analysis, exploration identification, fault-controlled mineralization model, Sanshandao fault, Jiaodong Peninsula

中图分类号: 

  • P618.51

图1

胶东半岛地质背景及金矿床分布图(修改自Song et al.,2020)(a)中国东部地质简图;(b)胶东半岛地质简图及金矿床分布;1.断裂;2.玲珑岩套;3.区域断裂;4.郭家岭岩套;5.苏鲁造山带;6.伟德山岩套;7.前寒武纪岩石;8.崂山岩套;9.中生代花岗岩;10.白垩纪正长岩;11.中生代盆地;12.三叠纪花岗岩"

图2

北部海域金矿床位置、地质图和勘探线剖面(a)三山岛断裂带地质简图;(b)北部海域金矿床地质图;(c)30号勘探线剖面图;图(b):1.郭家岭花岗岩;2.玲珑花岗岩;3.变辉长岩;4.黄铁绢英岩带;5.金矿体;6.断裂;7.勘查线;8.钻孔及编号;图(c):1.第四系;2.玲珑花岗岩;3.前寒武纪岩石;4.黄铁绢英岩带;5.金矿体;6.煌斑岩/辉绿岩脉;7.钻孔及编号"

图3

北部海域金矿床不同成矿阶段典型矿物组合特征(a)~(c)Ⅰ阶段;(c)、(d)Ⅱ阶段; (d)~(i)Ⅲ阶段; (h)Ⅳ阶段;Kfs-钾长石;Qtz-石英;Py-黄铁矿;Ccp-黄铜矿;Gn-方铅矿;Sp-闪锌矿;Sd-菱铁矿"

图4

北部海域金矿床典型矿物组合显微特征Chl-绿泥石;Cab-碳酸盐;Mus-白云母;Ser-绢云母;Pl-斜长石;Qtz-石英;Py-黄铁矿;Ccp-黄铜矿;Gn-方铅矿;Sp-闪锌矿;Sd-菱铁矿;Po-磁黄铁矿;Gl-自然金"

图5

北部海域金矿床30号勘探线典型钻孔样品采集位置图1.第四系;2.二长花岗岩;3.变辉长岩;4.变辉长岩(弱绢英岩化);5.变辉长岩(弱黄铁绢英岩化);6.硅化碎裂岩;7.辉绿玢岩;8.似斑状花岗闪长岩;9.绢英岩化花岗岩;10.黄铁绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩;11.黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩;12.矿体;13.石英脉;14.采样位置"

图6

北部海域金矿床代表性光谱曲线"

图7

北部海域金矿床短波红外光谱蚀变矿物、Al-OH吸收峰位和结晶度分布特征"

图8

北部海域金矿床钻孔短波红外光谱分析详细统计结果"

图9

北部海域金矿床钻孔中各地质体Al-OH吸收峰位和结晶度统计结果"

图10

北部海域金矿床钻孔蚀变矿物及分带特征"

表1

北部海域金矿床控矿断裂陡倾段和缓倾段对比"

差异性特征控矿断裂由陡变缓段控矿断裂陡倾段
断裂形态较缓较陡
断裂产状倾角35°~43°倾角75°~85°
断层泥发育情况发育,厚度为0.05~0.5 m不发育
构造岩带宽度40~400 m<20 m
破碎程度
碎裂岩组合黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩+黄铁绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩+绢英岩化碎裂岩绢英岩化花岗岩+弱绢英岩化碎裂岩
伊利石结晶度≥2.0<2.0
Al-OH吸收峰位≥2 205 nm<2 205 nm
硫化物组合稠密浸染状/金脉状的石英+黄铁矿±多金属化物稀浸染状/细脉状的石英±黄铁矿
蚀变矿物组合伊利石+白云母±碳酸盐矿物±绿泥石伊利石+白云母+黏土矿物+碳酸盐矿物

图11

三山岛金矿床黄铁矿LA-ICP-MS面扫描数据相关性图解"

图12

机器学习模型结果及其分析图(a)ROC曲线和AUC值;(b)不同模型的混淆矩阵;(c)不同模型的特征SHAP值图注:ROC曲线是一种用于衡量二分类模型性能的图形化工具,其以真阳性率(True Positive Rate,又称敏感度)为纵轴,假阳性率(False Positive Rate)为横轴,将不同阈值下的分类结果可视化展现出来。在ROC曲线上,理想情况下,模型的曲线越接近左上角(0,1)点,表示模型的性能越好。AUC(Area Under the Curve)是ROC曲线下面积的数值,代表了分类模型的性能。AUC的取值范围在0~1之间,数值越接近1,代表模型的性能越优秀。AUC为0.5时,代表模型的分类能力等同于随机猜测,而当AUC为1时,表示模型完美预测了样本的类别。SHAP图中,从垂直顶部到底部的顺序表示特征的重要性,红色表示高特征值,蓝色表示低特征值,水平轴表示特征值对输出的影响"

图13

北部海域金矿床30号勘探线剖面图(显示Pos2200和IC等值线)1.第四系;2.玲珑花岗岩;3.前寒武纪岩石;4.黄铁绢英岩带;5.金矿体;6.煌斑岩/辉绿岩脉;7.钻孔及编号"

图14

北部海域金矿床30号勘探线地质剖面图(显示Pos2200、IC、伊利石和白云母百分含量等值线)"

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