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黄金科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 781-797.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.05.148

• 特约专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

胶东金矿成矿物质来源:来自与金成矿有关地质单元金含量的约束

胡文萱1,2(),宋明春1,2(),李杰1,2,董磊磊3,赵润芊4,张亮亮5,李健6,白天慧1,2   

  1. 1.河北省战略性关键矿产资源重点实验室,河北 石家庄 050031
    2.河北地质大学地球科学学院,河北 石家庄 050031
    3.北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京  100083
    4.山东省地矿工程集团有限公司,山东 济南 250014
    5.山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第六地质大队,山东 威海  264209
    6.山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,山东 淄博  255049
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-28 修回日期:2024-07-17 出版日期:2024-10-31 发布日期:2024-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 宋明春 E-mail:376224081@qq.com;mingchuns@163.com
  • 作者简介:胡文萱(1996-),女,湖北红安人,硕士研究生,从事矿产普查与勘探研究工作。376224081@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金NSFC-山东省联合基金项目“胶东深部金矿断裂控矿机理”(U2006201);河北省人才项目“冀北地区金成矿系统及深部找矿技术”(HBQZYCXY0010)

Sources of Ore-forming Materials in the Jiaodong Gold Deposits:Constraints on Gold Content from Geological Units Related to Gold Mineralization

Wenxuan HU1,2(),Mingchun SONG1,2(),Jie LI1,2,Leilei DONG3,Runqian ZHAO4,Liangliang ZHANG5,Jian LI6,Tianhui BAI1,2   

  1. 1.Hebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
    2.College of Earth Sciences, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
    3.School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    4.Shandong Province Geomining Engineering Group Co. , Ltd. , Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
    5.No. 6 Geological Team of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
    6.School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shan-dong, China
  • Received:2024-05-28 Revised:2024-07-17 Online:2024-10-31 Published:2024-09-19
  • Contact: Mingchun SONG E-mail:376224081@qq.com;mingchuns@163.com

摘要:

胶东是世界第三大金矿集区,金矿找矿和成矿理论研究不断取得新突破,但对矿床成因和成矿物质来源的认识尚存在较大分歧。为了科学合理地解释金矿床相对于各类围岩高达万倍的Au富集,通过系统采集胶东地区未遭受矿化蚀变的晚中生代花岗岩和早前寒武纪变质岩样品,对其进行了Au元素含量测试。结果表明:97件花岗岩Au含量平均值为0.31×10-9,其中玲珑型、郭家岭型和伟德山型花岗岩的Au含量平均值分别为0.25×10-9、0.28×10-9和0.35×10-9,397件早前寒武纪变质岩的Au含量平均值为1.05×10-9,总体与地壳中Au元素丰度和华北板块中Au含量平均值接近或偏低,但早前寒武纪变质岩中Au含量是晚中生代花岗岩中的3.39倍。结合前人研究结果认为,胶东地区不存在Au异常富集的源区或矿源岩(层),巨量金的成矿物质源自古老变质基底在晚中生代的部分熔融,在下地壳基底变质岩部分熔融形成花岗质岩浆的过程中,在超高温环境中约70%以上的金以类似“熔炼”的方式析出,并产生了贫金花岗岩。成矿前与岩浆活动相关的流体有利于Au元素的迁移和富集;成矿期及其后花岗岩的岩石地球化学成分发生了显著变化,影响了流体的化学平衡,为金的沉淀提供了有利条件。

关键词: 成矿物质来源, 胶东金矿, 晚中生代, 贫金花岗岩, 部分熔融

Abstract:

Jiaodong is recognized as the third largest concentration of gold deposits globally.Recent advancements have been achieved in the exploration of gold deposits and the associated metallogenic theories.However,significant gaps remain in the understanding of the genesis of these deposits and the sources of mineralizing materials.A critical question that persists is how to scientifically and coherently elucidate the enrichment of gold (Au) in deposits that exceed the concentrations found in the surrounding rocks.In this study,we systematically collected and analyzed samples of Late Mesozoic granite and Early Cambrian metamorphic rocks from Jiaodong that have not undergone mineralized alteration to determine their gold(Au) content.The average Au content of 97 granite samples was found to be 0.31×10-9.Specifically,the average Au contents for Linglong-type,Guojialing-type,and Weideshan-type granites were 0.25×10-9,0.28×10-9,and 0.35×10-9,respectively.Additionally,the average Au content of 397 samples of Early Precambrian metamorphic rocks was determined to be 1.05×10-9.The abundance of gold in all geological units in Jiaodong is comparable to or lower than that in the Earth’s crust and the average gold content in the North China Plate.However,the gold content in early Precambrian metamorphic rocks is 3.39 times higher than in late Mesozoic granite.Based on previous studies,it is inferred that there is no source area or ore-source rock(layer) with anomalous gold enrichment in Jiaodong.Instead,the substantial gold mineralization is attributed to the partial melting of the ancient metamorphic basement during the Late Mesozoic.During the formation of granitic magma via partial melting of basement metamorphic rocks in the lower crust,over 70% of the gold(Au) precipitates in a comparable “melting” process with in the ultra-high temperature environment,resulting in the production of Au-poor granites.The fluids associated with the magmatic activity of pre-mineralization Linglong and Guojialing-type granites facilitated the migration and enrichment of Au.The substantial alterations in the geochemical com-position of Weideshan and Laoshan-type granites during and subsequent to the mineralization period disrupted the chemical equilibrium of the fluids,thereby creating favorable conditions for the precipitation of gold(Au).

Key words: source of ore-forming materials, Jiaodong gold deposits, Late Mesozoic, Au-poor granites, partial melting

中图分类号: 

  • P618.51

图1

胶东地区区域地质和金矿床分布简图(修改自宋明春,2015)1.新生代地层;2.白垩纪地层;3.苏鲁造山带;4.古—新元古代变质地层;5.太古宙花岗—绿岩带;6.白垩纪崂山型花岗岩;7.白垩纪伟德山型花岗岩;8.白垩纪柳林庄闪长岩;9.白垩纪郭家岭型花岗岩;10.侏罗纪花岗岩;11.三叠纪花岗岩;12.整合/不整合地质界线;13.断层;14.大型—特大型金矿/中—小型金矿;15.郭家岭型花岗岩采样路线;16.玲珑型花岗岩采样路线;17.崂山型和伟德山型花岗岩采样路线"

图2

玲珑型和郭家岭型花岗岩的手标本和镜下特征(a)玲珑型花岗岩手标本;(b)玲珑型花岗岩镜下特征;(c)郭家岭型花岗岩手标本;(d)郭家岭型花岗岩镜下特征;Qz-石英;Pth-条纹长石;Pl-斜长石;Bt-黑云母;Hbl-角闪石"

图3

伟德山型和崂山型花岗岩手标本和镜下特征(a)伟德山型花岗岩手标本;(b)伟德山型花岗岩镜下特征;(c)崂山型花岗岩手标本;(d)崂山型花岗岩镜下特征;Qz-石英;Pth-条纹长石;Pl-斜长石;Bt-黑云母;Py-黄铁矿;Ser-绢云母"

表1

不同地质单元Au含量分析结果"

地质单元岩体名称样品数量/个Au含量测试结果/(×10-9
伟德山花岗岩艾山岩体80.26、0.48、0.32、0.26、0.36、0.28、0.29、0.29、0.33、0.57、0.08、0.07、0.07
院格庄岩体50.59、0.56、0.59、0.51、0.68、0.27
牙山岩体41.04、0.50、0.41、0.23、0.27
海阳岩体40.34、1.33、0.38、0.35
周官岩体60.10、0.12、0.23、0.26、0.28、0.35
南宿岩体30.15、0.09、0.18
崂山型花岗岩招虎山岩体30.26、0.14、0.11
玲珑型花岗岩玲珑岩体250.38、0.30、0.31、0.37、0.16、0.25、0.19、0.15、0.40、0.20、0.28、0.31、0.28、0.16、0.33、0.26、0.23、0.12、0.15、0.21、0.29、0.26、0.22、0.13、0.15
昆嵛山岩体90.23、0.24、0.22、0.49、0.17、0.42、0.23、0.25、0.18
郭家岭型花岗岩丛家岩体170.18、0.29、0.17、0.25、0.21、0.30、0.27、0.27、0.18、0.18、0.24、0.14、0.16、0.27、0.25、0.29、0.36、0.36、0.23、0.30、0.30、0.16、0.24、0.18、0.22、0.21、0.15
七甲岩体60.38、0.31、0.21、0.36、0.24、0.36
郭家岭岩体70.33、0.21、0.40、0.54、0.26、0.35、0.83、0.23、0.23
早前寒武纪变质岩胶东杂岩397斜长角闪岩:0.47~1.99;英云闪长质片麻岩:0.53~1.99

表2

不同地质单元Au元素地球化学参数"

地质单元Au含量平均值X/(×10-9标准差S变异系数Cv极差
伟德山型花岗岩0.350.250.711.26
郭家岭型花岗岩0.280.120.430.69
玲珑型花岗岩0.250.090.360.37
早前寒武纪变质岩:斜长角闪岩1.110.410.361.51
早前寒武纪变质岩:英云闪长岩1.040.370.351.42

图4

不同地质单元Au含量分布散点图(a)和箱状图(b)(金矿石的金含量据宋明春,2015)"

图5

胶东地区晚中生代岩浆岩和金成矿年龄图谱(岩浆岩年龄据宋明春等,2023;金矿年龄据田瑞聪等,2022)"

图6

胶东地区晚中生代岩浆岩氧逸度(a)(据Li et al.,2023)和Ba+Sr含量(b)(据宋明春等,2023)变化图"

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