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黄金科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1002-1015.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.06.041

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 •    

陕西汉中李洞沟金矿床成矿规律及成矿模式探讨

王小刚1(), 宇峰1, 贾飞1, 刘松柏2, 邵永勇1   

  1. 1.陕西地矿区研院有限公司,陕西 咸阳 712000
    2.陕西地矿第三地质队有限公司,陕西 宝鸡 721000
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-01 修回日期:2024-05-18 出版日期:2024-12-31 发布日期:2024-12-20
  • 作者简介:王小刚(1985-),男,陕西岐山人,高级工程师,从事地质调查与矿产勘查、评价及综合研究工作。394887102@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省地勘基金项目“陕西省南郑县碑坝—南岸山一带铜矿预查”(61201304198)

Discussion on Metallogenic Regularity and Metallogenic Model of Lidonggou Gold Deposit in Hanzhong,Shaanxi Province

Xiaogang WANG1(), Feng YU1, Fei JIA1, Songbai LIU2, Yongyong SHAO1   

  1. 1.Regional Geological Survey Academe of Shaanxi Geology and Mining Group Co. ,Ltd. ,Xianyang 712000,Shaanxi,China
    2.Shaanxi Geological and Mineral Third Team Ltd. ,Baoji 721000,Shaanxi,China
  • Received:2024-02-01 Revised:2024-05-18 Online:2024-12-31 Published:2024-12-20

摘要:

李洞沟金矿是近年来在陕西汉中碑坝地区基底盖层中发现的首个内生金矿床,已圈出金矿体20余条,矿体长度为70~1 400 m,平均厚度为0.31~9.80 m,金品位为0.83×10-6~21.21×10-6,已达中型规模。通过开展野外地质调查工作,系统梳理了矿体地质特征,结合矿石镜下鉴定,对李洞沟金矿的矿石类型、矿物组合、成矿期次和成矿阶段进行了细致研究,总结了该矿床的控矿条件和成矿规律。研究结果表明:李洞沟金矿床的矿体主要受NNE向断裂控制,矿石类型以角砾岩型和石英脉型为主,属于构造蚀变岩型+石英脉型金矿床;该金矿经历了赋矿层位形成、早期金矿形成、富集成矿和表生风化剥蚀4个成矿阶段;基于研究结果,提出了新的找矿思路,即浅部在石英绢云母片岩内寻找石英脉型金矿体,中—深部寻找由大理岩层间破碎带控制的角砾岩型和石英脉型金矿体。上述认识能够为矿区探边扩量提供必要的勘查依据,也为区域寻找同类型金矿提供有益参考。

关键词: 成矿规律, 成矿模式, 李洞沟金矿, 汉中地区, 陕西省

Abstract:

The Lidonggou gold deposit represents the first newly identified endogenous gold deposit in recent years within the basement cap rock of the Beiba area in Hanzhong area,Shaanxi Province.Over 20 gold ore bodies have been delineated,with lengths ranging from 70 to 1 400 meters, and an average thickness between 0.31 and 9.8 meters.The gold grade varies from 0.83×10-6 to 21.21×10-6, classifying it as a medium-sized deposit.The gold deposit is predominantly hosted within the marble and sericite quartz schist of the Mawozi Formation,and is controlled by north-northeast trending fault structures.The ore types predominantly consist of breccia and quartz vein,formations,characteristic of a tectonically altered rock and quartz vein-type gold deposit.The principal metallic minerals identified include native gold,pyrite,molybdenite,and chalcopyrite.Mineralization processes are primarily characterized by limonitization,pyrite mineralization,and magnetite mineralization,with sporadic occurrences of malachite and azurite mineralization.Silicification,tourmalinization,and gold mineralization exhibit a close interrelationship.Preliminary analyses suggest that the formation of the Lidonggou gold deposit has undergone four distinct stages:The formation of ore layers encompasses several processes,including early-stage gold formation,ore enrichment and mineralization,as well as supergene weathering and erosion.The mineralization process is categorized into three distinct stages:The post-magmatic hydrothermal mineralization phase occurring during the Jinning epoch,the post-magmatic hydrothermal superimposed transformation mineralization phase during the Chengjiang epoch,and the supergene oxidation phase.The “stage of quartz,native gold,and polymetallic sulfides” constitutes the principal mineralization phase in this region.The mineral assemblage during this stage includes quartz,native gold,pyrite,molybdenite,chalcopyrite,and sphalerite,which collectively signify the primary phase of gold re-enrichment in the area.Drilling verification reveals that the orebody trends southwestward at greater depths.While the deep extension of quartz vein-type gold orebodies within quartz sericite schist is constrained,the deep extension of interlayer fractured zones in marble exhibits relative stability,with a large number and significant scale of controlled gold orebodies,presenting good prospecting potential.The proposed strategy emphasizes the deployment of shallow work control,particularly targeting quartz vein-type gold ore bodies within quartz sericite schist.Additionally,the focus will be on the exploration and assessment of breccia-type and quartz vein-type gold ore bodies influenced by marble interlayer fracture zones in the mid-depth regions.The primary exploration objectives and directions include the implementation of medium-depth engineering verification, boundary expansion exploration,and the identification of concealed orebodies.This understanding can serve as a foundational basis for the exploration and expansion of the mining area,while also offering critical guidance for the identification of similar gold deposits within the region.

Key words: metallogenic regularity, metallogenic model, Lidonggou gold mine, Hanzhong area, Shaanxi Province

中图分类号: 

  • P618.51

图1

李洞沟地区地质矿产简图(修改自陈高潮等,2008)1.奥陶—二叠系;2.震旦—寒武系;3.中元古界麻窝子组;4.古元古界后河杂岩—中元古界麻窝子组;5.古元古代辉绿岩;6.中元古代(角闪)辉长岩;7.新元古代闪长岩;8.新元古代角闪石英闪长岩;9.新元古代黑云石英闪长岩;10.新元古代花岗闪长岩;11.新元古代花岗岩;12.新元古代二长花岗岩;13.新元古代黑云钾长花岗岩;14.区域断裂;15.地质界线;16.不整合界线;17.金矿(中型/小型);18.铅锌矿(中型/小型);19.铜矿;20.磁铁矿(小型/矿点);21.黄铁矿/磷块岩"

图2

李洞沟金矿矿区地质图1.麻窝子组第一岩性层大理岩;2.麻窝子组第二岩性层绢云石英片岩夹板岩;3.麻窝子组第三岩性层绢云石英千枚岩;4.花岗闪长岩;5.闪长岩;6.闪长岩脉;7.花岗岩脉;8.辉长岩脉;9.断层;10.地质界线;11.构造角砾岩型金矿体及编号;12.石英脉型金矿体及编号;13.含金黄铁矿脉及编号;14.见矿钻孔;15.未见矿钻孔;16.勘探线位置"

表1

李洞沟金矿区主要金矿体特征"

矿体

编号

走向长度/m矿体厚度/m金品位/(×10-6矿石类型主要矿物组合主要矿化蚀变备注
变化范围平均值变化范围平均值
K1-11 4000.31~4.881.760.96~19.837.08角砾岩型石英+黄铁矿+褐铁矿硅化+褐铁矿化+电气石化
K1-24600.9~4.051.711.12~3.131.58角砾岩型石英+黄铁矿+褐铁矿+黄铜矿褐铁矿化+孔雀石化+铜蓝

铜品位:

0.42%~4.12%

K2-12800.9~6.464.091.09~21.1211.64石英脉型石英+黄铁矿+磁铁矿硅化+褐铁矿化+磁铁矿化具强磁性
K2-22600.87~5.293.084.57~4.874.83石英脉型石英+黄铁矿+磁铁矿硅化+褐铁矿化+磁铁矿化具强磁性
K3-21901.04~7.133.183.50~6.745.67角砾岩型石英+黄铁矿+黄铜矿硅化+黄铁矿化+绢云母化

铜品位:

0.12%~0.70%

K4-11200.76~0.950.850.83~4.452.62石英脉型石英+黄铁矿硅化+褐铁矿化
K5-11608.918.911.241.24含金黄铁矿黄铁矿黄铁矿化
K5-2(盲)801.16~2.501.831.40~3.141.95含金黄铁矿黄铁矿黄铁矿化
K6-15900.82~1.430.981.00~3.081.84角砾岩型石英+黄铁矿+辉钼矿硅化+黄铁矿化

图3

李洞沟金矿角砾岩型、石英脉型金矿石和含金黄铁矿矿石特征(a)、(b)强硅化褐铁矿化角砾岩型金矿石;(c)褐铁矿化磁铁矿化角砾岩型金矿石;(d)、(e)强硅化褐铁矿化石英脉型金矿石;(f)探槽TC301中含金黄铁矿露头;(g)ZK302钻孔中含金黄铁矿;(h)褐铁矿化磁铁矿化角砾岩型金矿石;(i)绢云石英片岩中揉皱状磁铁矿化石英脉;(j)辉钼矿;(k)角砾岩型金矿石中的孔洞"

图4

李洞沟金矿矿石镜下特征Qz-石英;Ab-钠长石;Ms-白云母;Py-黄铁矿;Cp-黄铜矿;Sp-闪锌矿;Mot-辉钼矿;Lm-褐铁矿;Mal-孔雀石;Cov-铜蓝;(a)~(c)自然金以他形粒状分布在褐铁矿孔洞及矿石裂隙中;(d)碎裂状黄铁矿;(e)团块状黄铁矿沿网脉状裂隙被褐铁矿交代;(f)K2-1矿体矿石中褐铁矿包裹的闪锌矿;(g)K2-2矿体矿石中黄铁矿颗粒内出溶的黄铜矿;(h)K6-1矿体矿石中辉钼矿呈鳞片状和集合体状分布;(i)K2-2矿体矿石中孔雀石和铜蓝沿石英裂隙充填;(j)、(k)后期脉体沿早期石英裂隙充填形成网脉状;(l)孔雀石细脉沿石英裂隙充填"

图5

李洞沟金矿各类金矿体矿石特征(a)早期石英脉因构造应力碎裂成石英角砾;(b)中期石英脉沿裂隙形成网脉状;(c)星散状黄铁矿;(d)浸染状和细脉状黄铁矿;(e)块状黄铁矿(脉);(f)后期石英脉穿切中期石英脉;(g)后期脉状石英"

图6

李洞沟金矿主要矿物生成顺序"

图7

李洞沟金矿成矿模式1.碳酸盐岩;2.麻窝子组大理岩;3.麻窝子组片岩和千枚岩;4.火地垭群片麻岩;5.结晶基底;6.石英闪长岩;7.闪长岩;8.花岗闪长岩;9.花岗岩;10.含金矿化花岗岩脉;11.区域断裂;12.次级断裂;13.构造角砾岩型金矿体;14.石英脉型金矿体;15.含金黄铁矿脉;16.早期成矿热液运移方向;17.晚期成矿热液运移方向"

图8

李洞沟金矿3号(a)和6号勘探线(b)地质剖面1.麻窝子组第一岩性层大理岩;2.麻窝子组第二、第三岩性层绢云石英片岩和千枚岩;3.花岗闪长岩;4.闪长岩;5.花岗岩脉;6.层间破碎带;7.构造角砾岩型金矿体位置及编号;8.石英脉型金矿体位置及编号;9.含金黄铁矿脉及编号;10.地质界线;11.推测地质界线;12.钻孔及编号;13.探槽及编号"

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