img

QQ群聊

img

官方微信

  • CN 62-1112/TF 
  • ISSN 1005-2518 
  • 创刊于1988年
高级检索
矿产勘查与资源评价

美国稀土产业现状及政策选择

  • 赵纪东 ,
  • 张志强 ,
  • 郑军卫
展开
  • 中国科学院兰州文献情报中心,甘肃  兰州   730000
赵纪东(1981-),男,陕西宝鸡人,副研究员,从事地球科学与资源情报研究工作。zhaojd@llas.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2014-12-29

  修回日期: 2015-02-10

  网络出版日期: 2015-11-16

基金资助

中国地质调查局地质矿产调查评价专项项目“地质科学与资源科学进展监测与分析课题”(编号:12120113018800)、中国科学院国家科学图书馆2013年前瞻研究项目“世界重要矿产资源开发利用格局研究”和中国科学院“十二五”委托任务“资源环境科技发展态势监测分析与战略研究”联合资助

Rare Earths Industry Status and Policy Options for America

  • ZHAO Jidong ,
  • ZHANG Zhiqiang ,
  • ZHENG Junwei
Expand
  • Lanzhou Library of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou   730000,Gansu,China

Received date: 2014-12-29

  Revised date: 2015-02-10

  Online published: 2015-11-16

摘要

从日常生活到高科技领域,稀土都有着广泛的应用,因此其被很多国家视为战略性资源。近年来,由于对中国稀土的高度依赖,美国等国家对中国的稀土政策产生了不满,并诉至世界贸易组织(WTO)。在简要介绍全球稀土概况(特征与储量)的基础上,分析了美国稀土产业的现状:稀土资源丰富,但国内开采一度停滞;依赖进口,且进口集中度高;国内供应链不完整;科研水平全球领先。对于美国产业未来的政策选择,则可能包括:研发新技术;授权并资助美国地质调查局(USGS)进行全球稀土资源评估;支持并鼓励稀土矿的勘探以及建立储备。由此,美国稀土自给能力将可快速得到增强,而未来,全球稀土储量及未发现资源将足以满足其各种需求。

本文引用格式

赵纪东 , 张志强 , 郑军卫 . 美国稀土产业现状及政策选择[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2015 , 23(3) : 19 -23 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2015.03.019

Abstract

Rare earth elements(REE) have a wide range of applications from daily life to high-tech fields,so it is regarded as a strategic resource in many countries.In recent years,the United States and other countries generated dissatisfaction on China’s rare-earth policy because of their high dependence on chinese rare earth,and then China was sued to World Trade Organization(WTO).In this paper,characters and reserves of global rare earths are introduced at first,then rare earths industry status of America are studied:its production has been ceased for a long time though reserve is abundant,rare earth elements supply is dependent on import and import is highly concentrated on one country,meanwhile,domestic supply chain is also incomplete,but its scientific research is leading the world. Its future possible policy options include:research and develop new technologies,authorize and fund USGS to assess REE resources,support and encourage exploration for REE,establish stockpile.Thus,the US rare earths self-sufficiency will get enhanced quickly,the World’s rare earth reserves and undiscovered resources will be sufficient to meet a variety of needs in the future.

参考文献

[1] 韩玥,郭明强,田兆墨.稀土元素在国民经济发展中的应用[J].中国矿业,2011,20(增):46-50.
[2] 陈秀法,张振芳,王靓靓,等.全球稀土资源供需及资源潜力分析[J].中国矿业,2013, 22(12):1-5.
[3] 程潇黎.浅析我国稀土安全及安全战略[D].北京:中国地质大学,2006.
[4] 张燕,赵培松,傅圣涛,等.江苏甘家巷铅锌矿区稀土元素地球化学特征及指示意义[J].黄金科学技术,2014,22(3):15-22.
[5] 闫包成,安忠梅,郝戊,等.我国稀土产业可持续发展的战略思考[J].开发研究,2011,(2):43-46.
[6] 孟振华,李俊斌,郭永权,等.稀土元素的价电子结构和熔点、结合能的关联性[J].物理学报,2012,61(10):362-369.
[7] USGS.The principal rare earth elements deposits of the united states-A summary of domestic deposits and a global Perspective[EB/OL].(2010-11-08).http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5220.
[8] USGS. Mineral commodity summaries 2014[EB/OL].(2014-03-07).http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2014/mcs2014.pdf.
[9] Du X Y,Graedel T E.Global in-use stocks of the rare earth elements:A first estimate[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2011,45(9):4096-4101.
[10] Humphries M. Rare earth elements:The global supply chain[EB/OL].(2013-12-17).http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41347.pdf.
[11] USGS.Mineral commodity summaries 2012[EB/OL].(2012-01-24).http://minerals.usgs.gob/minerals/pubs/mcs/2012/mcs2012.pdf.
[12] USGS.Mineral commodity summaries 2013[EB/OL].(2013-01-29).http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2013.pdf.
[13] 赵纪东.稀缺逼出各国“土政策”[N].科学新闻,2011,(3):70-73.
[14] 陈占恒.后WTO时代中国稀土供应与需求分析[J].新材料产业,2014,(1):53-56.
[15] U. S. Government Accountability Office.Rare Earth Materials in the Defense Supply Chain[EB/OL].(2010-09-16).http://www.gao.gov/assets/100/96654.pdf.
[16] 赵纪东.基于文献计量的国际稀土资源基础研究产出对比[EB/OL].(2014-8-20).http://www.llas.cas.cn/kxjckbzb//dqkxzj/201412/P020141215641169120304.pdf.
文章导航

/