在“碳达峰”、“碳中和”的目标背景下，绿色低碳、清洁高效成为资源开采的新要求，也对科学开采这一复杂系统问题的研究提出了新的方向。阐述了矿产资源开采理念的发展演化，综述了近年来国内外在科学开采方面的研究现状，构建了安全、高效、绿色、低碳、经济、科学管理“六位一体”的科学开采体系，丰富了科学开采的内涵和框架。从复杂科学问题的判断标准、科学开采体系的特征两方面进行推断，得出科学开采属于复杂问题，承载科学开采复杂问题的系统是复杂系统。以复杂科学的思路研究科学开采的复杂性，构建科学开采复杂系统模型，从顶层设计、中层连接和底层基础3个层次思考了实现科学开采的新途径，为实现矿产资源的科学开采提供了新的发展方向。

In the context of the “double carbon” goals of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”，green，low-carbon，clean and efficient have become new requirements for resource extraction，and it also puts forward a new direction for the research on the complex system of scientific mining.Scientific mining is a mode of mining that uses systematic scientific ideas，takes into account the natural environment and social production，and hopes to mine mineral resources and associated resources in a safe，green，economical，efficient，and low-carbon manner.The issues of scientific mining cover multiple aspects such as safety，technology，environment，society，economy，management，etc.，which are systematic scientific issues and gradually become more complicated.There are complex interrelationships and permeation effects among the various elements of scientific mining，and the mining process has the characteristics of openness，dynamic change，uncertainty，etc..Moreover，scientific mining system contains recognized complex problems such as random problems and nonlinear problems，which has obvious complexity.Research on the complexity of scientific mining issues has become a new idea to expand the connotation and framework of scientific mining.This article expounds the development and evolution of the concept of mineral resource mining，reviews the research status of scientific mining at home and abroad in recent years，and builds a “six-in-one” scientific mining system，including safe，efficient，green，low-carbon，economical，and scientific management.This system enriches the connotation and framework of scientific mining.Furthermore，this article discusses the complex attributes of scientific mining.Inferring from two aspects：The judging criteria of complex scientific problems and the characteristics of the scientific mining system，it is concluded that scientific mining is a complex problem，and the system that carries the complex scientific mining problems is a complex system.Using complex scientific thinking to study the complexity of scientific mining，the complex system model of scientific mining was constructed，and new ways to accelerate the realization of comprehensive scientific mining were considered from the three levels of top-level design，middle-level connection，and bottom-level foundation，provides new development direction and idea for the realization of scientific mining of mineral resources.