收稿日期: 2023-03-15
修回日期: 2023-05-01
网络出版日期: 2023-11-21
基金资助
国家重点研发计划项目“新型高效冶金生物反应器研制与示范”(2022YFC2105302)
Arsenic Conversion During Pre-Oxidation Treatment of Gold Ores
Received date: 2023-03-15
Revised date: 2023-05-01
Online published: 2023-11-21
陈国民 , 杨洪英 , 陈彦臻 , 张广积 . 金矿预氧化处理过程中砷的转化[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2023 , 31(5) : 865 -872 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.05.043
The composition of arsenic-bearing refractory gold mine is complex，in which gold is usually encapsulated by arsenopyrite and arsenian pyrite.Arsenic is a poisonous element，which is harmful to human health and has adverse effects on the ecological environment.At the same time，the arsenic-bearing ores can lead to excessive consumption of cyanide and affect cyanide leaching of gold.Therefore，the arsenic-bearing refractory gold ores need to be pre-oxidized before cyanide leaching.The transforming pathway and final form of arsenic have an important effects on the pre-oxidation treatment of arsenic-containing refractory gold ore.At present，there are three pre-oxidation methods for refractory gold ores，namely roasting process，pressure oxidation and bio-oxidation method.Roasting is a proven technology，which can comprehensively recover copper and arsenic，but it is difficult to avoid the release of arsenic in this process.The pressure oxidation is an environment-friendly process that can achieve high gold recovery，but the expensive pressure reactor used in this process will lead to a high capital cost.Bio-oxidation method can obtain a recovery rate close to that of the pressure oxidation method，and the equipment investment cost is much lower than that of the pressure oxidation method.However，the bio-oxidation reaction is slow and a longer residence time is needed.The long residence time and the low efficiency of bio-oxidation treatment，especially the slow oxidation and decomposition rate of low-arsenic minerals，restricts its further development.It may face competition from pressure oxidation in the future.However，if it can be combined with roasting process，it is possible to improve the roasting process with its own environmental advantages in arsenic treatment to form a gold ore treatment technology with both advantages of clean production and efficient treatment.The advantages and existing problems of these pre-oxidation methods for refractory gold ores were reviewed in this paper with emphasis on the conversion of arsenic.Considered the development status of Chinese gold industry and the requirements of environmental protection，the basic development direction of pre-oxidation for refractory gold ores in the future was prospected.With the wide application of arsenic-containing refractory gold ores，the decomposition of arsenic-containing ores by pre-oxidation has become a common process for gold extraction.The pre-oxidation process should consider not only the gold extraction efficiency，but also the safe disposal of arsenic-containing waste.With the increasing of environmental concerns，the requirements of cleaner production even exceed the requirements of production efficiency.The common development of clean production and efficient production is the main trend of current development.
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