协同采矿方法的创新思维与创新技法

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.05.712

Abstract

Abstract:

The basic characteristics of the occurrence of metal mineral resources in China are as follows: There are few large deposits，many medium and small deposits;There are few single metal ores，many associated and multi-metal ores. Besides，it also includes extensive management and low intensification.With the increase of mining intensity，the easy-to-exploit resources are gradually exhausted，and some resources such as difficult mining，hidden dangers，and complex engineering objectives have gradually received attention.At present，it is necessary to adopt some new mining concepts，new propositions，new theories，new technologies and new methods to guide the exploitation of this complex and difficult resources.In 2008，the author draws the concept of synergy into the technical difficult problems of mining hidden resources in the mined-out areas，and creatively proposed a new technology model for mining development in which the hidden danger resource exploitation and the empty area treatment are coordinated.Since then，the prelude of “synergetic mining” research has been opened in China’s mining engineering academic circles.With the in-depth development of the concept of “synergetic mining”，synergetic mining has become a hot research topic for mining industry professionals.Chinese scholars have proposed or invented a number of typical schemes for synergetic mining methods.As mining methods under the concept of synergetic mining，the synergetic mining method has advantages in mining complex underground difficult resources.The invention and creation of the synergetic mining method not only has the inventor’s conscious or unconscious innovative mindsets guidance，but also requires certain skills and methods，that is，“innovative techniques”.So far，few scholars have systematically summarized and analyzed the innovative mindsets and innovative techniques of this type of mining method.Based on this，three kinds of innovative mindsets and corresponding innovative techniques，which are commonly used in engineering，were summarized.And the innovative mindsets and innovative techniques of the 19 synergetic mining methods invented by Chinese researchers since 2009 to 2018 were reviewed and analyzed.The weighted average of innovative mindsets and innovative techniques is calculated，and the enlightenment of the calculation results was discussed.The analysis shows that the combinational innovative mindsets and its corresponding innovative techniques dominate the innovation activities of synergetic mining methods，accounting for 90.48% of the entire innovation system，and can continue to play the mainstream guiding role in a certain period of time.There are few applications of transplant innovative mindsets and reverse innovative mindsets in the innovation of synergetic mining methods，which only account for 4.76% of the entire innovation system respectively.Their corresponding Direct Analogy Technique and Reverse Thinking Technique，and other innovative techniques may also be used to create synergetic mining methods in the future.In the future synergetic mining method innovation activities，it can be realized through the following four ways：The development of mature traditional mining methods as the main body，and the addition of some new structures and new technologies to the stope structure or mining process of traditional mining methods； Functions，structures，methods，etc. are combined with foreign objects； The same functions，structures，methods，etc. are superimposed in quantity； Through in-depth analysis of traditional mining methods，their structures are deconstructed and reorganized.The research results are of positive reference for promoting the invention of the future synergetic mining method.The following four ways are proposed for reference： The development of mature traditional mining methods as the main body，the addition of some new structures and new technologies to the stope structure or the mining process，which are two big aspects of traditional mining methods； The different functions，structures，methods and the like of different objects are combined； the same functions，structures，methods and the like of same objects are superimposed in quantity； And the structure is deconstructed and reorganized by in-depth analysis of the traditional mining method.

Key words: synergetic mining methods, metal mine, underground mining, innovative mindsets, innovative techniques, synergetic mining

CLC Number:

TD851

Jiacong JIN,Qingfa CHEN. Innovative Mindsets and Innovative Techniques of Synergetic Mining Methods[J].Gold Science and Technology, 2019, 27(5): 712-721.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Statistics of synergetic mining methods proposed by Chinese researchers during 2009~2018"

序号	采矿方法名称	提出年份	依托单位	第一提出人或发明人
1	协同空区利用的采矿环境再造分段凿岩阶段矿房采矿法^[3]	2009	中南大学	陈庆发
2	大量放矿同步充填无顶柱留矿采矿方法^[11]	2010	广西大学	陈庆发
3	立体分区大量崩矿采矿方法^[12]	2011	长沙矿山研究院	周爱民
4	一种连续崩落采矿方法^[13]	2011	北京矿冶研究总院	陈何
5	分段凿岩并段出矿分段矿房采矿法^[14]	2013	广西大学	陈庆发
6	组合再造结构体中深孔落矿协同锚索支护嗣后充填采矿法^[15]	2013	中南大学	邓红卫
7	分条间柱全空场开采嗣后充填协同采矿法^[16]	2014	中南大学	胡建华
8	垂直孔与水平孔协同回采的机械化分段充填采矿法^[17]	2014	中南大学	李启月
9	采场台阶布置多分支溜井共贮矿段协同采矿方法^[18]	2015	广西大学	陈庆发
10	一种缓倾斜薄矿体采矿方法^[19]	2016	北京矿冶研究总院	陈何
11	厚大矿体无采空区同步放矿充填采矿方法^[20]	2016	武汉理工大学	雷涛
12	一种地下矿山井下双采场协同开采的新方法^[21]	2016	马鞍山矿山研究院	孙丽军
13	电耙—爆力协同搬运伪倾斜房柱采矿法^[22]	2016	广西大学	陈庆发
14	柔性隔离层充当假顶的分段崩落协同采矿方法^[23]	2016	广西大学	陈庆发
15	垂直深孔两次放矿同步充填阶段采矿法^[24]	2017	武汉理工大学	雷涛
16	浅孔凿岩爆力—电耙协同运搬分段矿房采矿法^[25]	2017	广西大学	陈庆发
17	底部结构下卡车出矿后期放矿充填同步的水平深孔留矿法^[26]	2017	广西大学	陈庆发
18	卡车协同出矿有底柱分段崩落法^[27]	2017	广西大学	陈庆发
19	卡车协同出矿分段凿岩阶段矿房法^[28]	2017	广西大学	陈庆发

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Summary of innovative techniques in various synergetic mining methods"

类别	协同采矿方法	创新思维	创新技法
空场类	电耙—爆力协同搬运伪倾斜房柱采矿法	组合创新	主体附加法、同物组合法
	采场台阶布置多分支溜井共贮矿段协同采矿方法	组合创新	同物组合法、异物组合法
	一种缓倾斜薄矿体采矿方法	组合创新和移植创新	异物组合法、直接类比法
	分段凿岩并段出矿分段矿房采矿法	组合创新	同物组合法
	浅孔凿岩爆力—电耙协同运搬分段矿房采矿法	组合创新	主体附加法、同物组合法
	卡车协同出矿分段凿岩阶段矿房法	组合创新	主体附加法
	一种地下矿山井下双采场协同开采的新方法	组合创新	重组组合法
	协同空区利用的采矿环境再造分段凿岩阶段矿房采矿法	组合创新和逆反创新	重组组合法、逆向思考法
崩落类	卡车协同出矿有底柱分段崩落法	组合创新	主体附加法
	柔性隔离层充当假顶的分段崩落协同采矿方法	组合创新	主体附加法、异物组合法
	一种连续崩落采矿方法	组合创新	主体附加法
	立体分区大量崩矿采矿方法	组合创新	重组组合法
充填类	大量放矿同步充填无顶柱留矿采矿方法	组合创新	主体附加法、异物组合法（2）
	垂直孔与水平孔协同回采的机械化分段充填采矿法	组合创新	重组组合法
	组合再造结构体中深孔落矿协同锚索支护嗣后充填采矿法	组合创新	异物组合法、同物组合法
	分条间柱全空场开采嗣后充填协同采矿法	组合创新	重组组合法、异物组合法
	厚大矿体无采空区同步放矿充填采矿方法	组合创新	主体附加法、异物组合法（2）
	底部结构下卡车出矿后期放矿充填同步的水平深孔留矿法	组合创新	主体附加法（2）、异物组合法
	垂直深孔两次放矿同步充填阶段采矿法	组合创新	主体附加法、异物组合法

Table 3

Table 4

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Innovative Mindsets and Innovative Techniques of Synergetic Mining Methods

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序号	创新思维	创新技法
1	组合创新	组合法	主体附加法
			同物组合法
			异物组合法
			重组组合法
		形态分析法	/
		信息交合法	/
2	移植创新	移植法	原理移植
			方法移植
			结构移植
			环境移植
		类比法	直接类比法
			仿生类比法
			因果类比法
			综合类比法
3	逆反创新	逆向思考法	/
3	逆反创新	反求工程法	/

序号	创新思维	使用次数/次	所占比重	创新技法	使用次数/次	所占比重
1	组合创新	19	0.9048	主体附加法	11	0.3110
				同物组合法	5	0.1414
				异物组合法	11	0.3110
				重组组合法	5	0.1414
2	移植创新	1	0.0476	直接类比法	1	0.0476
3	逆反创新	1	0.0476	逆向思考法	1	0.0476