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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 19-33.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.01.051

• Mineral Exploration and Resource Evaluation • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genesis of Colloidal Pyrite and Its Metallogenic Significance in Asiha Gold Deposit,East Kunlun

Gaizhong LIANG1,2(),Kuifeng YANG1,2,3(),Hongrui FAN1,2,3,Xinghui LI1,2,3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
    2.College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3.Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
  • Received:2021-05-06 Revised:2021-09-09 Online:2022-02-28 Published:2022-04-25
  • Contact: Kuifeng YANG E-mail:lianggaizhong@mail.iggcas.ac.cn;yangkuifeng@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

Abstract:

The Asiha vein-type gold deposit,located in the Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt,provides an excellent opportunity for deciphering precipitations of metals and origins of orogenic intrusion-related gold systems.Predecessors have proposed that Asiha gold deposit is an orogenic gold deposit or magmatic hydrothermal gold deposit related to intrusion body,and the genesis of the deposit is controversial.Gold precipitation is closely related to arsenic content and vulcanization,and the main precipitation mechanism is not clear.However,pyrite often occurs in many types of gold deposits,which can provide detailed mineralization information in explaining the source of ore-forming materials,the composition of ore-forming fluids and metallogenic physicochemical conditions,while colloidal pyrite with special structure can provide more important mineralization information.Pyrite is an excellent research object for constraining the genesis of ore deposits.There are two types of pyrite in Asiha gold deposit,namely,early euhedral crystalline pyrite and late colloidal pyrite.Through the study of the chemical composition and microstructure of colloidal pyrite,it is found that gold arsenic decoupling occurs in Asha gold deposit,and the gold precipitation is closely related to the particle size of pyrite.In order to clarify the genesis and gold precipitations of Asiha gold deposit,backscatter electron scanning microscope analysis,in-situ trace element analysis,area scan analysis and in-situ sulfur isotope analysis are carried out for colloidal pyrite.Colloidal pyrite is a parallel or irregular concentric ring belt with irregular complex surfaces.The transition between ribbons is a gradual transition.The bands on the strip often have the contraction pattern of the gel,and the width of the strip is 3~200 μm.Under high-power scanning electron microscope (SEM),it shows the aggregation of micron fine particles and dark gray substrate.Colloidal pyrite is rich in As (median of 3 164×10-6),Au (median of 4.15×10-6),Cu (median of 13 070×10-6),Pb (median of 1 157×10-6),Ag (median of 781.2×10-6),Sb (median of 1 668×10-6),but poor Co in (median of 44.48×10-6),Ni (median of 2.96×10-6) and Te (below the detection limit),and the Co/Ni ratio is greater than 10.The area scan shows clear zoning characteristics of As,Au,Co,Cu,Mo,Ag and Bi,and the distribution consistency of gold and arsenic is weak.The δ34S value range of colloidal pyrite(+6.1‰~+6.8‰) is narrow.Combined with the in-situ trace elements,in-situ sulfur isotopes and microstructure of colloidal pyrite,it is considered that the colloidal pyrite is of magmatic hydrothermal origin,which may be a close genetic relationship with the concealed granite porphyry in the Asiha gold deposit.Arsenic and Au in colloidal pyrite precipitated rapidly under the condition of sudden temperature drop are decoupled,and the micron size pyrite is the dominant factor controlling the enrichment of solid solution gold.

Key words: colloidal pyrite, in-situ microanalysis, trace element, sulfur isotope, Asiha gold deposit, East Kunlun metallogenic belt

CLC Number: 

  • P618.51

Fig.1

Structural sketch of East Kunlun orogenic belt(a)[modified after Dong et al.(2018)]and geological map of Asiha gold deposit"

Fig.2

Distribution map of orebody in Asiha gold deposit"

Fig.3

Representative reflected-light and backscattered electron(BSE)micrographs and hand specimen photographs of different types of pyrite in Asiha gold deposit"

Fig.4

Colloidal pyrite in high magnification backscattered electron(BSE)photographs"

Table 1

Analysis results of LA-ICP-MS in-situ trace element(10-6) and LA-MC-ICP-MS in-situ sulfur isotope of colloidal pyrite(‰)"

元素19ash30c-119ash30c-219ash30c-319ash30c-419ash30c-5中位数检出限

早期结晶黄铁矿

(Liang et al., 2021)

Co15.2561.5144.4866.8243.7244.480.042.0
Ni0.364.262.963.782.852.960.130.5
Cu15 91816 18913 07012 22111 19713 0700.330.5
Zn36.67191.5127.1269.5116.9127.10.90bdl
As1 3675 5163 1646 4662 9433 1640.292090
Ag882889781630653781.191.00bdl
Sb1 6682 1491 6062 5381 5091 6680.070.2
Te-0.39-0.230.160.43-0.41-0.230.63bdl
Au3.264.604.154.353.164.150.030.1
Pb1 1571 5349081 5727991 1570.080.4
Bi23.55198.1146.5228.3144.61470.030.5
Mo40.44120.379.16156.564.2679.160.04bdl
W0.230.750.441.010.390.440.05bdl
Co/Ni比值4314151815154.0
δ34S值6.36.16.86.66.16.36.4~8.9

Fig.5

Variation range of LA-ICP-MS trace elements in colloidal pyrite"

Fig.6

LA-ICP-MS area scanning maps of colloidal pyrite"

Fig.7

Variation range of δ34S values in colloidal pyrite"

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