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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 88-101.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.01.146

• Mining Technology and Mine Management • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Study on Safety and Efficient Mining Scheme for Low Grade Nickel Ore Under Complex Mining Conditions

Baohui TAN1(),Yongding WANG2,Zhigui ZHANG1,Weiguo LONG2,Bin LI1,Jianyuan HE2,Zhen GONG2   

  1. 1.School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
    2.Longshou Mine, Jinchuan Group Co. , Ltd. , Jinchang 737100, Gansu, China
  • Received:2022-10-16 Revised:2022-11-22 Online:2023-02-28 Published:2023-03-27

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Abstract:

In the upper middle section of West No.2 mining area of Longshou mine，it is necessary to adopt the non-pilar sublevel caving method within the range of ore body with a height of less than 70 m to achieve safe，efficient and low loss mining of low grade ore resources，the ore mining conditions are very complex.In view of these key technical problems，the research was carried out one by one.Firstly，a technical scheme for the formation of overburden by inducing caving of large volume cemented backfill was proposed.At the same time，the mechanical properties，structural characteristics and caving ability of cemented backfill were studied，the results show that backfill has good collapsibility.Secondly，the fragmentation degree of cemented backfill was studied by means of field investigation and physical experiment.The results show that although the strength of cemented backfill is small，it will not produce a large amount of powder after the initial caving and secondary crushing during ore drawing，and the average block size of cemented backfill is greater than the average block size of the ore falling from the fan-shaped blasthole.Therefore，the caving cemented backfill will not lead to the premature dilution of the ore.Subsequently，a combined ore drawing scheme was proposed for the only four stoping sections in the caving stope，and the effectiveness of the scheme was studied by physical ore drawing experiments.The experimental results show that the ore recovery rate of the scheme can reach 85.4%，while the dilution rate is only 6.5%.Finally，the above research results were applied to the field production practice，and the roof cementation backfill was successfully induced to fall naturally to form a covering layer with a thickness of about 30 m.While ensuring the ore recovery rate in the stope，the dilution rate is controlled within 10%，so that the stope productivity is increased by 30%，the mining cost is reduced by 28%，and the safe，efficient，low loss，and low-cost mining of low-grade ore in the West No.2 mining area was realized under complex mining conditions.

Key words: low grade nickel ore, restricted mining space, non-pilar sublevel caving mining method, overburden formation, caved block size, dilution and loss control

CLC Number: 

  • TD853

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of stope distribution in West No.2 mining area"

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of overburden formation scheme by induced caving of large volume backfill"

Table 1

Key physical and mechanical parameters of cemented backfill in West No.2 mining area"

参数名称数值参数名称数值
密度/（kg·m-3）2 200抗剪强度/MPa2
抗压强度/MPa4.8内摩擦角/（°）36
抗拉强度/MPa0.5弹性模量/GPa7.2

Fig.3

Structural characteristics of downward horizontal layered cemented backfill"

Fig.4

Stress diagram of cemented backfill layered beam"

Fig.5

Investigation site，site condition and image vectorization results of fragmentation of caved cemented backfill"

Table 2

Initial caving block composition of cemented backfill"

块体

尺寸/m

块度

分级

各测点块度分布情况/%

平均值

/%

5行调查点6行调查点7行调查点
>0.6大块53201429
0.3~0.6中块19353630
0.1~0.3次中块11362223
<0.1小块16102818

Fig.6

Experimental process of caving cemented backfill crushing"

Fig.7

Simulation experiment process of secondary crushing of caving cemented backfill"

Table 3

Experimental results of secondary crushing of caving cemented backfill"

块度分级块体尺寸/cm占比/%次级块度平均值/%初始冒落块度平均值/%差值/%
第1次试验第2次试验
大块>0.619.617.218.429.0-10.6
中块0.6~0.328.231.930.130.0-0.1
次中块0.3~0.125.926.226.023.0+3.0
小块<0.126.324.725.518.0+7.5

Table 4

Block composition of caving ore in fan-type medium-deep hole"

块度

分级

尺寸/m扇形炮孔崩落矿石块度组成比例/%崩落矿石块度平均值/%充填体初始冒落块度/%充填体次级块度/%
锦宁矿业大顶山矿区镜铁山矿桦树沟矿区傲牛矿业毛公铁矿
大块>0.6006.32.129.018.4
中块0.6~0.312.6015.39.330.030.1
次中块0.3~0.142.345.135.641.023.026.0
小块<0.145.154.942.847.618.025.5

Fig.8

Ore-drawing model design drawing and physical 3D model"

Table 5

Ore-drawing control modes of three groups of test schemes"

分段编号试验方案1试验方案2试验方案3（本研究方案）
分段1总量控制出矿（40%）总量控制出矿（40%）总量控制出矿（40%）
分段2总量控制出矿（80%）总量控制出矿（80%）总量控制出矿（80%）
分段3截止品位方式出矿低贫化方式出矿低贫化方式出矿
分段4截止品位方式出矿截止品位方式出矿低贫化方式出矿

Table 6

Ore recovery indexes of three groups of test schemes"

方案序号矿石回收率/%废石混入率/%
试验方案187.615.5
试验方案286.510.8
试验方案385.46.5

Fig.9

Caving cemented backfill released in the first mining section and microseismic monitoring results of caving"

Fig.10

Fan-shaped blasthole layout and blasting fragmentation effect"

Table 7

Ore recovery indexes of each mining sublevel"

分段编号分段矿石回收率/%分段废石混入率/%
1 595 m284.5
1 580 m（9线以东）85.88.6
1 580 m（9线以西）37.75.2
1 565 m1038.5
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