滇黔桂地区不同成矿温度热液金矿床磷灰石矿物化学特征：兼论卡林型金成矿流体来源特殊性

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.02.132

Abstract

Abstract:

Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region，one of the most important gold mineralization areas in China，hosts many high temperature magmatic hydrothermal gold （copper） deposits，such as Pulang gold-bearing porphyry copper deposit，Beiya and Yaoan gold deposits，and low temperature hydrothermal gold deposits，namely carlin-type gold deposit，such as Badu，Nibao and Shuiyindong gold deposits.A lot of chemical studies of minerals，such as magnetite，pyrite and apatite have been carried out，and the abundant mineralogical geochemical data of trace elements in situ have been accumulated. However，the source materials and formation process of the deposits are still be disputed.Therefore，further statistical and comparative analyses of these data may provide a basis for revealing metallogenic information and guiding prospecting exploration.Due to the unique chemical characteristics，apatite can better preserve the important information of magma-hydrothermal evolution process，and is often used to define the fine metallogenic process of ore deposits.In this paper，the trace elements of hydrothermal apatite in high-temperature magma-hydrothermal deposits（Yao’an gold deposit and Pulang gold-bearing copper deposit） and low-temperature carlin-type gold deposits（Badu and Nibao gold deposits） have been collected and analyzed.It is found that the apatite in the high-temperature alkali-rich porphyry gold （copper） deposit is characterized by automorphic shape，high F and Cl contents，enriched LREE，and depleted HREE.In contrast，the apatite in the low-temperature carlin-type gold deposits is characterized by hypautomorphic and xenomorphic shapes，low F and Cl contents，enriched MREE.In addition，the δEu-δCe binary diagram and chondrite-normalized REE patterns revealed that the carlin-type gold deposits have higher oxygen fugacity than magmatic hydrothermal copper and gold deposits.Combined with the geochemical analysis of rare earth elements of stibnite in the Youjiang Basin，it is concluded that the enrichment characteristics of MREE in apatite（including fluorite and calcite） indicate that the low-temperature mineralizing fluid may be related to the special basin basement rock. In conclusion，apatite has unique geochemical characteristics in high temperature-medium and low temperature gold deposits，which can effectively reveal the type of ore deposit and the evolution process of ore-forming fluid.

Key words: apatite, trace elements, ore-forming fluid, carlin-type gold deposit, magmatic hydrothermal copper and gold deposits

CLC Number:

P618.51

Linlin LIU,Jun CHEN,Zaifeng YANG,Lijuan DU,Yanbing JI,Lulin ZHENG. Chemical Characteristics of Apatite Minerals in Hydrothermal Gold Deposits with Different Metallogenic Temperatures in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Region：A Discussion on the Particularity of Sources of Ore-forming Fluids of the Carlin-type Gold Deposits[J].Gold Science and Technology, 2023, 31(2): 219-231.

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矿床名称	元素
矿床名称	F	Cl	F/Cl	δEu	δCe
姚安金矿	3.429	0.2107	17.24	0.70	1.44
普朗斑岩铜矿	3.3408	0.3358	9.95	0.45	0.92
八渡卡林型金矿	3.022813	0.0035	863.66	1.31	0.97
泥堡金矿	2.9	0.004	725	0.83	0.64

样品编号	稀土元素
样品编号	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
DJ-1	62	2.9	0.250	0.510	0.110	0.039	0.150	0.29	1.10	0.033	0.067	0.020	0.058	0.019
DSC-2	60	1.8	0.180	0.300	0.044	0.011	0.047	0.17	0.71	0.006	0.013	0.003	0.021	0.003
GL-12	49	1.2	0.130	0.210	0.054	0.021	0.045	0.22	1.10	0.006	0.006	0.002	0.013	0.002
J1-10	53	1.13	0.085	0.049	0.019	-	0.011	0.14	0.89	0.003	0.012	0.002	0.025	-
J1-23	53	1.2	0.098	0.064	0.022	-	0.011	0.24	1.40	0.003	0.003	0.004	0.019	-
J1-3	57	1.2	0.120	0.065	0.046	0.008	0.044	0.15	0.99	0.006	0.015	0.002	0.019	-
LBC-1	48	1.3	0.120	0.230	0.048	0.014	0.074	0.22	0.98	0.010	0.025	0.006	0.028	-
LBC-14	40	0.9	0.096	0.120	0.041	0.010	0.053	0.01	0.19	0.015	0.034	0.005	0.038	0.005
LBC-18	50	1.2	0.111	0.120	0.048	0.002	0.030	0.23	0.89	0.008	0.010	0.003	0.010	0.006
LBC-3	32	0.69	0.059	0.006	0.007	0.002	0.002	-	0.12	0.004	0.004	0.002	0.022	0.006
LBC-4	45	1.4	0.130	0.130	0.034	0.002	0.030	0.21	1.10	0.003	0.018	0.003	0.023	-
LBD-13	48	2.2	0.310	1.200	0.280	0.082	0.190	0.25	1.30	0.018	0.031	0.006	0.025	0.003
TK-2	45	1.1	0.091	0.074	0.042	0.003	0.037	0.22	0.67	0.008	0.014	0.002	0.018	-
TK-6	50	1.2	0.091	0.056	0.026	0.005	0.015	0.24	1.10	0.002	0.007	0.003	0.013	-
J1-15	52	1.2	0.100	0.050	0.014	0.002	0.022	0.35	1.10	0.002	0.005	0.003	0.012	0.002

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Chemical Characteristics of Apatite Minerals in Hydrothermal Gold Deposits with Different Metallogenic Temperatures in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Region：A Discussion on the Particularity of Sources of Ore-forming Fluids of the Carlin-type Gold Deposits

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