湘南新田岭矽卡岩型白钨矿床中石榴子石的成分特征及其对钨成矿作用的启示

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.02.124

Abstract

Abstract:

The Xintianling deposit is one of the largest skarn-type scheelite deposits in South China，and its mineralization has undergone complex magmatic and hydrothermal processes.Taking the skarn garnet in the Xintianling deposit as the research object，the U-Pb dating，in-situ major and trace element analysis of garnet were carried out by EPMA and LA-ICP-MS in-situ micro-area testing techniques.The U-Pb dating reveals that the age of ore-related garnet in Xintianling deposit is ca.（159.5±3.0）Ma，which is consistent with that of the fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite（164~157 Ma）of the Qitianling rock mass，indicating that the Xintianling tungsten mineraliztion is closely related to the Qitianling rock mass.Based on the mineral assemblages and backscattering images，it is determined that there are three generations of garnet in the Xintianling tungsten deposit.According to the structural characteristics of garnets in the backscattered images，the garnets in the Xintianling deposit can be divided into three generations，namely，the early stage dark garnet（Grt1），the middle stage garnet with obvious oscillation zone（Grt2） and the late stage bright garnet （Grt3）.Among them，Grt2 can be divided into Grt2-1 with oscillatory zones and Grt2-2 with thick oscillatory zones.Grt1，Grt2-1and Grt3 show the left-skewed REE patterns with LREE depleted and HREE enrichment.Grt1 has an obvious negative Eu anomaly，Grt2-1 has a weak Eu negative anomaly，and Grt3 has a weak Eu negative anomaly.In contrast，Grt2-2 has a “hump-type” REE pattern with LREE enrichment and HREE depleted，and the weak Eu positive anomaly.From Grt1 to Grt3，the content of Mn in garnet showes a trend of first decreasing and then rising，and the W content in Grt3 is higher than Grt2 but lower than Grt1.These results suggest that the Xintianling deposit has experienced multiple hydrothermal processes，and the oxygen fugacity and temperature of the ore fluid first increas and then decreases，and the pressure pH value first decreases and then increases during the ore-forming processes.Combined with the variations of W content in garnet from different mineralization stages，it is considered that the mineralization of tungsten in the Xintianling deposit mainly occurs in the retrograde metamorphic stage，and undergoes the process of dissolution-reprecipitation in the late retrograde metamorphic stage.

Key words: Xintianling tungsten deposit, skarn, garnet, U-Pb dating of garnet, LA-ICP-MS, EPMA

CLC Number:

P611

Bo LI,Shaohao ZOU,Deru XU,Xilian CHEN,Xuena WANG,Hua WANG. Composition Characteristics of Garnet in Xintianling Skarn-type Scheelite Deposit，South Hunan Province and Its Implications for the Tungsten Mineralization[J].Gold Science and Technology, 2023, 31(2): 232-251.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 2

Major elements analysis results of the garnet in Xintianling deposit by EPMA（%）"

测试点位	岩石类型	成分											总计
测试点位	岩石类型	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	TiO₂	CaO	WO₃	FeO^T	MnO	Na₂O	SnO₂	MoO₃	总计
24a-1B-2-006（A6）	Grt1	0.01	14.66	35.07	0.72	33.23	BDL	10.74	2.77	BDL	BDL	0.02	97.22
25c-2B-1-003（A3）	Grt1	0.01	9.06	35.00	0.14	32.95	BDL	18.00	2.47	BDL	BDL	BDL	97.63
25c-2B-1-005（A4）	Grt1	0.04	12.83	34.74	0.61	31.09	0.05	13.19	4.24	0.01	BDL	0.01	96.80
25c-2B-1-006（A6）	Grt1	0.03	10.45	34.15	0.70	31.60	BDL	16.43	3.69	BDL	BDL	BDL	97.04
33-4B-1-009（A5）	Grt1	0.05	14.39	35.99	0.86	32.69	BDL	11.35	2.95	0.03	BDL	BDL	98.31
24a-1B-1-003（A3）	Grt2-1	0.03	9.26	33.72	0.61	32.88	0.07	17.68	2.37	0.01	BDL	0.02	96.65
24a-1B-1-004（A4）	Grt2-1	0.03	11.99	34.52	0.52	32.71	BDL	14.42	2.74	0.04	BDL	BDL	96.97
24a-1B-1-005（A5）	Grt2-1	0.06	11.56	34.27	0.40	28.59	BDL	15.71	6.03	0.02	BDL	BDL	96.62
24a-1B-2-002（A2）	Grt2-1	0.03	11.44	34.52	0.52	33.08	0.07	15.02	2.32	BDL	BDL	0.02	97.02
24a-1B-2-003（A3）	Grt2-1	0.03	9.97	34.03	0.58	32.02	0.09	17.44	2.74	BDL	BDL	BDL	96.91
24a-1B-2-004（A4）	Grt2-1	0.03	11.21	34.60	0.50	32.92	0.03	15.38	2.44	0.01	BDL	BDL	97.11
24a-1B-2-005（A5）	Grt2-1	0.02	11.28	34.44	0.42	32.21	0.04	15.18	2.70	BDL	BDL	0.03	96.31
06b-1B-1-004（A4）	Grt2-1	0.05	10.95	35.45	0.10	32.94	0.11	15.70	2.51	0.01	BDL	BDL	97.80
06b-1B-1-005（A5）	Grt2-1	0.03	11.16	35.61	0.12	33.65	0.04	15.61	1.95	BDL	BDL	BDL	98.18
06b-1B-1-007（A7）	Grt2-1	0.03	4.99	34.82	0.02	33.91	BDL	23.13	1.03	0.01	BDL	BDL	97.93
06b-1B-2-004（A4）	Grt2-1	0.01	8.28	34.40	0.08	32.66	0.01	18.87	2.32	BDL	BDL	BDL	96.63
06b-1B-2-005（A5）	Grt2-1	0.01	9.99	35.15	0.09	32.86	BDL	16.77	2.40	0.01	BDL	BDL	97.27
06b-1B-2-006（A6）	Grt2-1	0.03	11.23	35.23	0.24	33.10	BDL	15.30	2.28	0.01	BDL	BDL	97.41
06b-1B-2-007（A7）	Grt2-1	0.04	10.05	35.14	0.29	33.22	0.02	16.75	2.14	BDL	BDL	BDL	97.65
06b-1B-2-008（A8）	Grt2-1	0.01	10.00	35.35	0.06	33.59	BDL	16.68	1.81	BDL	BDL	BDL	97.48
06b-1B-2-009（A9）	Grt2-1	0.02	7.68	34.76	0.06	33.53	BDL	19.91	1.42	BDL	BDL	0.02	97.40
33-4B-1-001（A1）	Grt3	0.06	12.66	35.38	0.57	31.15	BDL	13.79	3.85	0.01	BDL	BDL	97.46
33-4B-1-004（A2）	Grt3	0.06	12.05	35.62	0.52	29.88	BDL	15.80	4.52	BDL	BDL	0.02	98.46
33-4B-1-005（A3）	Grt3	0.05	12.04	35.92	0.60	31.21	BDL	14.82	3.70	0.02	BDL	BDL	98.36
33-4B-1-007（A4）	Grt3	0.01	12.10	35.31	0.67	31.49	BDL	14.24	3.60	BDL	BDL	0.01	97.43
24a-1B-1-006（A6）	Grt3	0.06	10.28	34.25	0.60	30.51	BDL	17.65	3.81	BDL	BDL	0.04	97.20
24a-1B-1-007（A7）	Grt3	0.01	10.59	33.94	0.38	32.48	BDL	16.43	2.92	BDL	BDL	BDL	96.74

Table 2

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 3

LA-ICP-MS analysis results of trace elements of garnet from the Xintianling deposit（×10-6）"

测试点位	岩石类型	元素
测试点位	岩石类型	Sc	Ti	Mn	Rb	Sr	Y	Nb	Mo	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm
24a-1B-2-A6	Grt1	60.50	3 173	25 700	BDL	BDL	272.00	49.5	BDL	0.09	0.40	0.24	3.09	8
25c-2B-1A3	Grt1	101.00	2 833	35 617	0.14	BDL	313.00	32.7	BDL	BDL	0.18	0.12	1.83	4.67
25c-2B-1A4	Grt1	64.40	3 346	53 153	1.56	0.19	418.00	18.1	BDL	BDL	0.07	0.10	1.33	3.77
25c-2B-1A6	Grt1	72.40	3 906	48 642	1.59	3.08	599.00	21.3	BDL	0.07	0.20	0.13	1.74	5.64
33-4B-1-A5	Grt1	96.40	4 610	31 400	BDL	BDL	547.00	52.9	BDL	BDL	0.15	0.05	1.21	4.02
24a-1B-1-A3	Grt2-1	32.60	3 506	26 100	BDL	BDL	141.00	21.9	BDL	BDL	0.38	0.18	2.42	3.51
24a-1B-1-A4	Grt2-1	25.60	2 417	21 700	BDL	BDL	101.00	22.3	BDL	BDL	0.40	0.19	3.31	5.08
24a-1B-1-A5	Grt2-1	25.30	2 115	49 400	BDL	BDL	97.30	18.8	BDL	BDL	0.35	0.10	1.83	2.58
24a-1B-2-A2	Grt2-1	52.20	2 681	19 840	BDL	0.68	198.00	20.9	BDL	BDL	0.61	0.35	4.75	5.59
24a-1B-2-A3	Grt2-1	26.60	2 942	28 600	BDL	BDL	134.00	17.8	BDL	BDL	0.44	0.24	2.58	3.51
24a-1B-2-A4	Grt2-1	27.20	2 707	18 180	BDL	BDL	78.30	17.3	BDL	BDL	0.30	0.24	2.36	2.9
24a-1B-2-A5	Grt2-1	27.10	2 511	27 800	BDL	BDL	114.00	18.2	BDL	BDL	0.40	0.16	1.98	3.05
06b-1B-1-B4	Grt2-2	1.30	462	15 752	0.05	0.06	1.38	19.5	BDL	0.06	1.63	0.69	6.13	4.09
06b-1B-1-B5	Grt2-2	3.34	1 162	16 234	0.07	0.04	4.17	12.8	BDL	0.05	1.10	0.67	7.63	5.9
06b-1B-1-B7	Grt2-2	0.68	526	10 240	BDL	0.12	0.60	20.8	0.52	0.11	2.70	1.00	8.34	4.01
06b-1B-2-B4	Grt2-2	2.33	621	16 149	0.06	0.07	1.96	31.2	BDL	0.08	1.83	0.81	5.89	3.52
06b-1B-2-B5	Grt2-2	5.07	889	17 449	BDL	0.07	2.17	22.6	BDL	0.06	1.04	0.59	7.58	4.84
06b-1B-2-B6	Grt2-2	3.68	1 264	16 326	BDL	0.09	5.03	17.4	BDL	0.05	1.20	0.53	7.18	5.87
06b-1B-2-B7	Grt2-2	3.43	1 317	14 629	BDL	0.20	4.83	23.3	BDL	0.08	1.53	0.75	7.04	5.64
06b-1B-2-B8	Grt2-2	1.42	584	11 700	0.04	0.17	0.97	17.1	BDL	0.05	2.11	0.85	7.73	3.84
06b-1B-2-B9	Grt2-2	1.27	564	10 388	0.12	0.12	1.39	18.0	0.59	0.15	2.60	1.02	6.73	3.21
24a-1B-1-A6	Grt3	28.80	2 784	51 400	BDL	BDL	151.00	17.4	BDL	BDL	0.22	0.13	1.19	1.68
24a-1B-1-A7	Grt3	28.0	2 303	30 300	0.48	0.56	115.00	12.5	BDL	BDL	0.24	0.19	2.04	4.39
33-4B-1-A1	Grt3	34.3	3 240	39 600	0.31	0.17	150.00	20.6	BDL	BDL	0.11	0.06	1.23	2.58
33-4B-1-A2	Grt3	28.2	2 779	47 600	BDL	BDL	144.00	15.0	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	0.58	1.34
33-4B-1-A3	Grt3	53.1	3 417	41 700	0.69	BDL	219.00	23.7	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	1.26
33-4B-1-A4	Grt3	50.1	3 550	40 300	BDL	BDL	187.00	24.3	BDL	BDL	0.07	BDL	0.63	1.02
测试点位	岩石类型	元素
测试点位	岩石类型	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Hf	Ta	W	Th
24a-1B-2-A6	Grt1	1.68	26.10	6.34	44.80	9.55	28.70	4.59	33.20	5.21	7.89	23.70	0.75	BDL
25c-2B-1A3	Grt1	1.54	17.20	5.16	42.90	10.00	36.50	6.22	47.90	7.98	2.69	4.73	0.65	BDL
25c-2B-1A4	Grt1	1.06	15.90	5.05	53.30	14.20	51.90	8.89	71.20	11.40	2.81	4.68	1.16	BDL
25c-2B-1A6	Grt1	1.49	23.90	7.81	79.20	21.80	83.50	14.90	116.10	18.10	3.13	5.11	1.47	BDL
33-4B-1-A5	Grt1	0.80	18.30	6.45	66.70	19.90	76.70	14.50	112.80	19.30	6.13	33.20	2.34	0.04
24a-1B-1-A3	Grt2-1	1.26	8.48	2.37	20.00	5.48	17.60	2.83	21.50	3.53	4.06	4.81	1.63	0.03
24a-1B-1-A4	Grt2-1	1.68	11.70	2.17	16.60	3.50	10.40	1.74	12.60	2.06	3.24	2.27	1.25	0.04
24a-1B-1-A5	Grt2-1	0.90	6.51	1.67	13.70	3.67	12.80	2.36	18.10	2.90	3.27	2.81	1.25	0.04
24a-1B-2-A2	Grt2-1	1.60	13.90	3.17	28.50	7.39	27.40	4.74	37.50	6.32	4.90	5.61	1.28	0.05
24a-1B-2-A3	Grt2-1	1.44	7.83	2.10	19.80	4.94	17.70	3.02	23.90	3.94	3.49	5.33	1.11	0.04
24a-1B-2-A4	Grt2-1	1.37	7.58	1.59	11.50	2.58	9.02	1.41	11.10	1.81	4.19	3.16	1.23	BDL
24a-1B-2-A5	Grt2-1	0.95	7.60	1.91	15.60	4.05	16.10	2.97	20.40	3.60	3.73	5.56	1.12	BDL
06b-1B-1-B4	Grt2-2	1.70	1.87	0.12	0.38	0.02	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	0.12	3.16	0.74	0.23
06b-1B-1-B5	Grt2-2	1.68	4.56	0.39	1.11	0.13	0.11	0.02	0.15	0.01	0.48	4.00	0.77	0.09
06b-1B-1-B7	Grt2-2	1.66	1.90	0.08	0.32	0.02	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	0.18	5.15	1.00	0.09
06b-1B-2-B4	Grt2-2	1.43	1.80	0.14	0.56	0.03	0.07	0.01	0.07	BDL	0.14	4.21	1.06	0.15
06b-1B-2-B5	Grt2-2	1.62	2.45	0.19	0.28	0.02	0.10	0.02	0.01	0.01	BDL	5.08	1.22	0.10
06b-1B-2-B6	Grt2-2	1.74	5.05	0.44	1.23	0.06	0.11	BDL	0.08	BDL	0.39	5.07	0.97	0.08
06b-1B-2-B7	Grt2-2	1.87	4.07	0.40	1.01	0.07	0.13	0.01	BDL	BDL	0.61	8.56	0.97	0.08
06b-1B-2-B8	Grt2-2	1.42	1.36	0.16	0.17	0.01	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	0.12	3.79	0.48	0.10
06b-1B-2-B9	Grt2-2	1.19	1.43	0.09	0.39	0.03	0.01	BDL	0.09	BDL	0.18	5.02	1.00	0.13
24a-1B-1-A6	Grt3	0.58	5.89	1.89	18.70	5.75	23.70	4.45	36.30	6.41	3.02	4.61	1.02	BDL
24a-1B-1-A7	Grt3	1.83	9.90	2.14	16.70	3.80	13.50	2.16	16.40	2.53	2.38	1.77	1.34	BDL
33-4B-1-A1	Grt3	0.97	7.92	2.28	20.70	5.18	18.80	3.22	25.20	4.25	3.06	3.81	1.20	BDL
33-4B-1-A2	Grt3	0.76	5.14	1.54	18.40	4.81	18.90	3.50	28.00	4.78	2.58	2.50	0.81	BDL
33-4B-1-A3	Grt3	0.66	4.90	2.30	23.90	7.39	31.40	5.97	52.40	9.46	4.18	7.41	1.05	BDL
33-4B-1-A4	Grt3	0.69	5.72	2.11	22.00	6.59	25.80	4.49	40.20	7.05	3.50	5.32	1.24	BDL

Table 3

Fig.7

Fig.8

Table 4

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of garnet in Xintianling deposit"

测试点位	w（Pb）/（×10^-6）	w（U）/（×10^-6）	同位素比值					同位素年龄/Ma
测试点位	w（Pb）/（×10^-6）	w（U）/（×10^-6）	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1s/%	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1s/%	Rho	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	2s（abs）
06b-1B-01-A1	0.07	6.45	0.3040	16.2	0.02557	6.2	-0.05	162	20
06b-1B-01-A2	0.14	7.44	0.3345	18.2	0.02814	4.1	-0.02	179	15
06b-1B-01-A3	0.16	10.23	0.3854	17.7	0.02680	5.6	0.15	170	19
06b-1B-01-A4	BDL	10.40	0.3116	19.6	0.02451	4.0	0.04	156	12
06b-1B-01-A5	0.39	11.47	0.2703	22.3	0.02584	5.5	-0.36	164	18
06b-1B-01-A6	0.41	13.48	0.2195	23.0	0.02317	4.9	0.21	148	14
06b-1B-01-A7	0.68	16.89	0.4213	16.6	0.02479	5.1	0.28	158	16
06b-1B-01-A8	1.95	15.48	0.7682	12.9	0.02524	3.9	0.05	161	12
06b-1B-01-A9	0.21	4.99	0.3239	22.3	0.02383	5.7	0.07	152	17
06b-1B-01-A11	0.16	6.08	0.3149	19.5	0.02774	5.1	0.44	176	18
06b-1B-01-A12	0.31	7.00	0.3804	24.0	0.02764	7.5	-0.07	175	26
06b-1B-01-A13	0.25	7.49	0.3449	25.3	0.02631	5.5	0.20	167	18
06b-1B-01-A14	0.13	8.39	0.2640	22.7	0.02664	5.0	0.15	169	17
06b-1B-01-A15	0.88	9.53	0.4739	21.3	0.02853	7.0	0.17	181	25
06b-1B-01-A16	0.51	8.75	0.4977	20.9	0.02476	4.3	0.32	158	13
06b-1B-01-A17	0.05	6.56	0.5781	16.8	0.02687	8.0	0.14	171	27
06b-1B-01-A18	0.07	5.96	0.2851	19.4	0.02332	5.3	-0.03	148	16
06b-1B-01-A19	0.05	5.17	0.4692	24.3	0.02460	7.2	-0.08	156	22
06b-1B-01-A20	0.11	5.23	0.3224	26.9	0.02166	6.9	0.22	138	19
06b-1B-01-A21	BDL	5.09	0.1664	47.6	0.02624	6.6	0.37	167	22
06b-1B-01-A22	0.19	4.15	0.7247	19.9	0.02581	7.5	0.01	164	24
06b-1B-01-A23	0.1	5.40	0.3023	36.5	0.02684	7.8	-0.35	170	26
06b-1B-01-A24	0.14	5.21	0.3985	29.1	0.02235	7.2	-0.37	142	20
06b-1B-01-A25	0.14	5.15	0.2821	24.0	0.02541	6.8	-0.12	161	22
06b-1B-01-A27	0.21	3.67	0.8901	20.5	0.02892	8.2	0.36	183	30
06b-1B-01-A28	0.08	3.17	0.6355	22.5	0.02719	9.6	0.47	172	33
06b-1B-01-A29	0.11	3.05	0.2262	43.9	0.02572	8.3	0.00	163	27
06b-1B-01-A30	0.16	3.44	0.0890	90.3	0.02795	6.9	0.11	177	24
06b-1B-01-A31	0.12	6.37	0.1750	35.1	0.02608	5.3	-0.17	166	17
06b-1B-01-A32	0.33	4.70	0.5311	19.5	0.02116	7.9	0.00	135	21
06b-1B-01-A33	0.03	3.86	0.1989	31.8	0.02148	6.0	0.12	137	16
06b-1B-01-A34	BDL	3.20	0.1985	45.8	0.02080	6.8	-0.05	132	18
06b-1B-01-A35	BDL	3.54	0.2427	36.6	0.02446	7.4	-0.20	155	23
06b-1B-01-A36	BDL	3.55	0.0704	95.2	0.02385	7.5	0.01	151	22
06b-1B-01-A37	0.06	3.84	0.1897	47.6	0.02622	8.3	-0.15	166	27
06b-1B-01-A38	BDL	3.68	0.2045	42.0	0.02620	6.2	0.17	166	21
06b-1B-01-A39	BDL	3.86	0.2394	36.0	0.02280	8.3	0.07	145	24
06b-1B-01-A40	0.03	3.67	0.2958	30.3	0.02158	8.8	0.04	137	24

Table 4

Fig.9

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岩体（矿床）名称	岩性	定年方法	年龄/Ma	文献来源
骑田岭花岗岩	中粒黑云母二长花岗岩	锆石U-Pb定年	165.0±3.1	章荣清，2015
骑田岭花岗岩	细粒黑云母花岗岩	锆石U-Pb定年	164.0±0.6	章荣清，2015
骑田岭花岗岩	花岗斑岩	锆石U-Pb定年	147.5±0.5	章荣清，2015
骑田岭花岗岩	中粒斑状角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩	锆石U-Pb定年	167.5±1.7	刘勇等，2011
骑田岭花岗岩	中粒斑状角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩	锆石U-Pb定年	155.4±4.3	刘勇等，2011
骑田岭花岗岩	角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩	锆石U-Pb定年	163~160	朱金初等，2009
骑田岭花岗岩	黑云母花岗岩	锆石U-Pb定年	157~156	朱金初等，2009
骑田岭花岗岩	细粒（有时含斑）黑云母花岗岩	锆石U-Pb定年	150~146	朱金初等，2009
骑田岭花岗岩	角闪黑云母花岗岩	黑云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年	157.5±0.3	毛景文等，2004
新田岭钨矿	退化蚀变岩	黑云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年	157.1±0.2	毛景文等，2004
新田岭钨矿	退化蚀变岩	辉钼矿Re-Os定年	161.8±2.2	章荣清，2015
新田岭钨矿	石英脉	辉钼矿Re-Os定年	159.1±2.6	袁顺达等，2012
新田岭钨矿	石英脉	石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr定年	157.4±3.2	蔡明海等，2008

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Composition Characteristics of Garnet in Xintianling Skarn-type Scheelite Deposit，South Hunan Province and Its Implications for the Tungsten Mineralization

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