基于正交试验的小断面巷道掏槽爆破参数确定

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.02.091

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to improve the utilization rate of blastholes in small section tunnels in a tin mine in Yunnan Province and reduce the unit consumption of explosives，after analysis，it is determined that the four factors of the charge amount，the distance between the charge hole and the empty hole，the hole diameter and the filling length are the test factors.The blast hole utilization rate and the cavity volume are the test indicators，and each factor takes 3 levels.Using the method of repeated orthogonal experiments，the effects of four different factors，namely，the charge amount，the distance between the charge hole and the empty hole，the hole diameter and the packing length，on the blasting hole utilization rate and the cavity volume were studied through the range analysis and variance analysis.The significance of the influence of each test index determine the optimal com-bination of test factors.The research results show that in the range analysis，the distance between the charge hole and the empty hole has the greatest influence on the utilization rate of the undercut blasting hole，followed by the hole diameter，the charge amount is smaller，and the filling length has the least influence. The hole diameter has the largest impact on the groove volume，the distance between the charging hole and the empty hole is second，the packing length is smaller，and the charging amount has the smallest influence.In the variance analysis，the distance between the charge hole and the empty hole has a very significant effect on the blast hole utilization rate，the hole diameter has a significant effect on the blast hole utilization rate，and the charge amount and packing length have no significant effect on the blast hole utilization rate.The hole diameter has a very significant influence on the volume of the cavity，the distance between the charging hole and the empty hole has a significant effect on the volume of the cavity，and the significant effect of the packing length on the volume of the cavity is slightly weaker than the distance between the charging hole and the empty hole.The amount has the least significant effect on the cavity volume.Therefore，for small section roadway excavation，when the hole diameter is 70 mm，the distance between the charge hole and the empty hole is 10 cm，the charge amount is 3 kg，and the mud filling length is 20 cm，the undercut can achieve excellent blasting effect.After several on-site roadway excavation tests，the blasthole utilization rate can be increased from 80% to more than 93%.

Key words: small section roadway, straight hole cut, field test, orthogonal test, range analysis, variance analysis

CLC Number:

TD236

Yifeng ZHANG,Hongchao LI,Zhiyu ZHANG,Heng LI. Determination of Blasting Parameters for Excavation and Cutting of Small Section Roadways Based on Orthogonal Experiments[J].Gold Science and Technology, 2023, 31(2): 331-339.

Figures/Tables 18

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Table 7

Variance analysis of blast hole utilization rate and cavity volumn ratio"

目标参数	方差来源	平方和	自由度	方差	F值	临界值
炮孔利用率/槽腔体积	因素A	$S A$	$f A = r - 1$	$S A ˉ = S A / ? f A$	$F A = S A ˉ / S e ˉ$	$F 1 - α f A, f e$
	因素B	$S B$	$f B = r - 1$	$S B ˉ = S B / ? f B$	$F B = S B ˉ / S e ˉ$	$F 1 - α f B, f e$
	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$	$?$
	误差	$S e$	$f e$	$S e ˉ = S e / ? f e$
	总和	$S T$	$f T = n - 1$

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岩性	抗压强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	纵波波速/（m·s^-1）	横波波速/（m·s^-1）	动弹性模量/MPa	密度/（g·cm^-3）	动剪切模量/MPa
大理岩	60.3	6.62	5 268	2 989	60 913.87	2.70	24 122.13
氧化矿	72.3	4.82	4 832	3 221	58 866.19	2.41	22 178.66

水平号	因素列
水平号	A	B	C	D
Ⅰ	2.7	5	35	20
Ⅱ	3.0	10	50	30
Ⅲ	3.6	15	70	40

试验序号	因素列				各指标2组试验结果
试验序号	A	B	C	D	炮孔利用率B_u/%		槽腔体积V_c/m³
1	2.7	5	35	20	76	78	0.11	0.1
2	2.7	10	50	30	81	80	0.13	0.12
3	2.7	15	70	40	65	75	0.10	0.12
4	3.0	5	50	40	90	88	0.12	0.13
5	3.0	10	70	20	94	93	0.17	0.16
6	3.0	15	35	30	50	61	0.06	0.05
7	3.6	5	70	30	96	95	0.15	0.13
8	3.6	10	35	40	70	70	0.07	0.06
9	3.6	15	50	20	59	70	0.10	0.11

目标参数	试验指标
目标参数	K_ij	A	B	C	D
炮孔利用率	K_i₁	455	523	405	470
	K_i₂	476	488	468	463
	K_i₃	460	380	518	458
	k_i₁	75.8	87.7	67.5	78.3
	k_i₂	79.3	81.3	78.0	77.2
	k_i₃	76.7	63.3	86.3	76.3
	极差R	3.5	24.0	18.8	2.0
	因素主次顺序	BCAD
	最优水平组合	B₁C₃A₂D₁

目标参数	试验指标
目标参数	K_ij	A	B	C	D
槽腔体积	K_i₁	0.67	0.71	0.44	0.75
	K_i₂	0.70	0.72	0.71	0.62
	K_i₃	0.60	0.54	0.82	0.60
	k_i₁	0.112	0.118	0.073	0.125
	k_i₂	0.117	0.120	0.118	0.103
	k_i₃	0.100	0.090	0.137	0.100
	极差R	0.017	0.030	0.064	0.025
	因素主次顺序	CBDA
	最优水平组合	C₃B₂D₁A₂

Determination of Blasting Parameters for Excavation and Cutting of Small Section Roadways Based on Orthogonal Experiments

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目标参数	方差来源	平方和	自由度	方差	F值	临界值	显著性
炮孔利用率	因素A	40.111	2	20.056	1.023	F_0.10（2，9）=3.01 F_0.05（2，9）=4.26 F_0.01（2，9）=8.02
	因素B	1 852.111	2	926.056	47.221		****
	因素C	1 068.778	2	534.389	27.249		***
	因素D	12.111	2	6.056	0.309
	误差e	176.500	9	19.611

目标参数	方差来源	平方和	自由度	方差	F值	临界值	显著性
槽腔体积	因素A	0.000878	2	0.000439	6.077	F_0.10（2，9）=3.01 F_0.05（2，9）=4.26 F_0.01（2，9）=8.02	*
	因素B	0.003411	2	0.001706	23.615		***
	因素C	0.012744	2	0.006372	88.231		****
	因素D	0.002211	2	0.001106	15.308		**
	误差e	0.000650	9	0.000072

名称	编号	孔深 /m	装药 /m	填塞 /m	装药量/kg			雷管段别	联接方式
名称	编号	孔深 /m	装药 /m	填塞 /m	眼数	单孔	总药量	雷管段别	联接方式
垂直掏槽孔	1	1.6	1.2	0.2	1	1.2	1.2	1	串联
大直径空孔	2~3	1.6	-	-	2	-	-	-
垂直掏槽孔	4~5	1.6	0.9	0.2	2	0.9	1.8	3
掏槽辅助孔	6~11	1.5	0.9	0.4	6	0.9	5.4	5

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